Table 1 Percentage distribution of characteristics of respondents in 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys
Characteristics | Weighted frequency (%) 2005 N = 12,037 | Weighted frequency (%) 2011 N = 10,588 | Weighted frequency (%)2016 N = 11,375 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Women age | <  20 years | 576 (4.7) | 361 (3.4) | 374 (3.3) |
20–29 years | 5825 (48.5) | 5429 (51.2) | 5599 (49.2) | |
30–39 years | 4344 (36.2) | 3823 (36.1) | 4382 (38.5) | |
40-49 years | 1292 (10.7) | 985 (9.3) | 1020 (9.0) | |
Residence | Rural | 11,154 (92.7) | 9182 (86.7) | 10,146 (89.2) |
Urban | 883 (7.3) | 1406 (13.3) | 1229 (10.8) | |
Region | Tigray | 775 (6.4) | 678 (6.4) | 709 (6.2) |
Afar | 122 (1.0) | 114 (1.1) | 119 (1.1) | |
Amhara | 2826 (23.5) | 2537 (24.0) | 2121 (18.7) | |
Oromia | 4666 (38.8) | 4291 (40.1) | 4997 (43.9) | |
Somalia | 522 (4.4) | 296 (2.8) | 554 (4.9) | |
Benishangul-Gumuz | 115 (0.9) | 131 (1.2) | 133 (1.2) | |
SNNPRs | 2742 (22.8) | 2248 (21.2) | 2402 (21.1) | |
Gambela | 34 (0.3) | 38 (0.4) | 29 (0.3) | |
Harari | 23 (0.2) | 27 (0.2) | 27 (0.2) | |
Addis Ababa | 170 (1.4) | 192 (1.8) | 234 (2.0) | |
Dire Dawa | 41 (0.3) | 35 (0.3) | 49 (0.4) | |
Religion | Orthodox | 5094 (42.3) | 4232 (40.0) | 3844 (33.8) |
Muslim | 4123 (38.3) | 3563 (33.6) | 4696 (41.3) | |
Othersa | 2820 (23.4) | 2792 (26.4) | 2835 (24.9) | |
Women education | No education | 9541 (79.3) | 7404 (69.9) | 7606 (66.9) |
Primary education | 1993 (16.6) | 2801 (26.5) | 2961 (26.0) | |
Secondary and higher education | 503 (4.1) | 383 (3.6) | 7.1 (808) | |
Wealth index | Poorest | 2646 (21.9) | 2420 (22.9) | 2483 (24.1) |
Poorer | 2497 (20.8) | 2382 (22.5) | 2623 (23.0) | |
Middle | 2607 (21.8) | 2151 (20.3) | 2318 (20.4) | |
Richer | 2468 (20.4) | 2018 (19.1) | 2084 (18.3) | |
Richest | 1819 (15.1) | 1616 (15.2) | 1613 (14.2) | |
Maternal occupation | No occupation | 8496 (70.6) | 5727 (45.9) | 6352 (55.8) |
Had occupation | 3541 (29.4) | 4861 (54.1) | 5023 (44.2) | |
Body Mass Index of women | Thin | 7436 (61.7) | 2249 (21.2) | 2483 (21.8) |
Normal | 4401 (36.6) | 7668 (72.4) | 8164 (71.8) | |
Obesity | 200 (1.7) | 671 (6.4) | 728 (6.4) | |
Ever use contraceptive | Yes | 2578 (21.4) | 4745 (44.8) | 5238 (46.0) |
No | 7858 (78.6) | 5843 (55.2) | 6137 (54.0) | |
Maternal anemia | Not anemic | 4235 (72.3) | 8728 (82.4) | 7590 (66.7) |
Anemic | 1620 (27.7) | 1860 (17.6) | 3785 (33.3) | |
Number of ANC visit | No visit | 4920 (72.0) | 3391 (57.7) | 2602 (22.9) |
1–3 visit | 1091 (15.8) | 1313 (22.3) | 2145 (18.9) | |
4 and above visit | 834 (12.2) | 1175 (20.0) | 6628 (58.3) | |
Mode of delivery | caesarean section | 103 (1.6) | 136 (1.5) | 196 (1.9) |
Vaginal delivery | 10, 380 (98.4) | 9333 (98.5) | 9943 (98.1) | |
Place of delivery | Home | 9873 (94.2) | 8539 (90.2) | 7468 (65.7) |
Health facility | 611 (5.8) | 930 (9.8) | 3907 (34.3) | |
Maternal height | Less than 150 cm | 755 (12.9) | 1302 (12.3) | 1228 (10.8) |
≥150 cm | 5100 (87.1) | 9286 (87.7) | 10,147 (89.2) | |
Preceding birth interval | <  24 month | 2315 (23.4) | 1876 (22.2) | 2145 (18.9) |
≥ 24 month | 7597 (76.6) | 6582 (77.8) | 9239 (81.1) | |
Parity | Only one birth | 1197 (9.9) | 1115 (10.5) | 1419 (12.5) |
2–4 birth | 5339 (44.4) | 4997 (47.2) | 5022 (44.1) | |
≥5 | 5499 (45.7) | 4476 (42.3) | 4934 (43.4) | |
Birth order | 1–3 | 5812 (48.3) | 5415 (51.2) | 5703 (50.1) |
4–5 | 2788 (23.2) | 2453 (23.2) | 2655 (23.4) | |
≥6 | 3437 (28.5) | 2720 (25.7) | 3017 (26.5) | |
pregnancy wanted | Wanted | 1848 (15.4) | 9241 (89.7) | 7703 (76.0) |
Not wanted | 10, 189 (84.6) | 1065 (10.3) | 2437 (24.0) | |
Media exposure | Exposed | 4348 (36.1) | 6060 (50.9) | 1355 (11.9) |
Not exposed | 7, 689 (63.9) | 4528 (49.1) | 10,020 (88.1) | |