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Table 2 Bivariate Analyses of Determinants of Maternal Mortality - North and South

From: Ratios and determinants of maternal mortality: a comparison of geographic differences in the northern and southern regions of Cameroon

Variable

North (n = 5610) OR (95% CI)

South (n = 13,055) OR (95% CI)

Community level

 Community education

0.02 (0.001–0.47)

0.99 (0.47–2.09)

 Community wealth

0.10 (0.02–0.64)

0.74 (0.45–1.24)

Individual level

 Age

0.92 (0.89–0.94)

0.94 (0.92–0.95)

 Parity

0.69 (0.63–0.77)

0.73 (0.65–0.81)

 Social autonomy

1.02 (0.93–1.12)

0.96 (0.87–1.07)

 Domestic violence

0.95 (0.86–1.05)

1.15 (1.05–1.26)

Distance to facility

 No problem

1

1

 Small problem

1.49 (0.86–2.60)

0.80 (0.54–1.18)

 Big problem

1.88 (1.16–3.05)

1.01 (0.72–1.41)

 Unknown

2.44 (1.51–3.93)

1.02 (0.73–1.41)

Media exposure

 No exposure

1

1

 Low exposure

0.83 (0.59–1.15)

0.80 (0.54–1.18)

 Medium exposure

0.53 (0.28–1.00)

1.01 (0.73–1.53)

 High exposure

0.64 (0.19–2.10)

1.02 (0.58–1.48)

Contraception type

 No method

1

1

 Folk/traditional

1.56 (0.48–5.12)

0.94 (0.67–1.30)

 Modern

0.71 (0.30–1.66)

0.95 (0.69–1.31)

Education

 No education

1

1

 Primary

0.63 (0.43–0.92)

1.08 (0.63–1.87)

 Secondary/higher

0.55 (0.26–1.15)

0.84 (0.49–1.45)

Religion

 Catholics

1.00

1

 Other Christians

0.74 (0.45–1.21)

1.07 (0.82–1.41)

 Muslims

0.69 (0.47–1.02)

1.03 (0.66–1.60)

 Animist/None/Other

0.80 (0.47–1.36)

0.71 (0.39–1.29)

Ethnicity

 Arab-Choa/Peulh/Haoussa/Kanuri

1

–

 Biu-Mandara

1.17 (0.82–1.66)

–

 Adamaoua-Oubangui

1.23 (0.83–1.80)

–

 Bantoid South-west/Grassfields

–

1

 Bamilike/Bamoun/Côtier/Ngoe/Oroko

–

0.89 (0.61–1.28)

 Beti/Bassa/Mbam/Kako/Meka/Pygmé

–

1.55 (1.11–2.16)

 Stranger/Other

0.99 (0.53–1.89)

1.33 (0.82–2.17)

Type of residence

 Urban

1

1

 rural

1.26 (0.93–1.71)

1.30 (1.01–1.67)

Wealth index

 Poor

1

1

 Middle

0.72 (0.46–1.15)

1.06 (0.75–1.49)

 Rich

0.59 (0.34–1.01)

0.80 (0.59–1.10)

Water quality

 Improved

1

1.00

 Unimproved

1.21 (0.86–1.69)

1.11 (0.85–1.45)

Year

 2004

1

1

 2011

1.80 (1.30–2.49)

0.98 (0.76–1.27)

  1. Bold: statistical significance p < 0.05
  2. Ethnicity: Two separate variables for ethnic composition were used for regional analyses