Birth outcomes in a Swedish population of women reporting a history of violence including domestic violence during pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study

Table 4 Caesarean section in relation to history of violence (N = 1694)

Characteristics	Total	Caesarean sectio		P
Total n (%)	Total	No	Yes
	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)
	1694 (100)	1435 (84.7)	259 (15.3)
History of violence¹				0.036
No	1031 (61.1)	889 (62.2)	142 (55.3)
Yes	656 (38.9)	541 (37.8)	115 (44.7)
Missing = 5
DV during pregnancy²				0.924
No	1660 (98.0)	1406 (98.1)	254 (98.1)
Yes	34 (2.0)	29 (2.0)	5 (1.9)
Missing = 0
History of emotional abuse³				0.012
No	1366 (81.4)	1173 (82.4)	193 (75.7)
Yes	313 (18.6)	251 (17.6)	62 (24.3)
Missing = 15
History of physical abuse³				0.058
No	1193 (71.2)	1024 (72.1)	169 (66.3)
Yes	482 (28.8)	396 (27.9)	86 (33.7)
Missing = 19
History of sexual abuse³				0.079
No	1424 (84.8)	1217 (85.5)	207 (81.2)
Yes	255 (15.2)	207 (14.5)	48 (18.8)
Missing = 15

Pre-specified level of statistical significance < 0.05, two-tailed
¹Reported experience of of emotional, physical or sexual abuse in early and/or late pregnancy irrespective severity
²Reported experience of of emotional, physical or sexual abuse during pregnancy irrespective severity
³Reported experience of emotional, physical or sexual abuse during early second trimester irrespective severity

ISSN: 1471-2393