Skip to main content

Table 3 Maternal labour and birth outcome (N = 1694)

From: Birth outcomes in a Swedish population of women reporting a history of violence including domestic violence during pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study

Characteristics

Total

History of violence1

P

Total n (%)

No

Yes

n (%)

1687 (100)

n (%)

1031 (61.1)

n (%)

656 (38.9)

Labour initiation

   

0.136

 Spontaneous

1384 (85.1)

856 (86.1)

528 (83.4)

 

 Induction

243 (14.9)

138 (13.9)

105 (16.6)

 

Missing = 67

 Augmentation

   

0.946

  No

1058 (68.5)

649 (68.5)

409 (68.6)

 

  Yes

486 (31.5)

299 (31.5)

187 (31.4)

 

Missing = 150

    

 Epidural anesthesia

   

0.067

  No

1267 (78.5)

788 (80.0)

479 (76.2)

 

  Yes

347 (21.5)

197 (20.0)

150 (23.8)

 

Missing = 80

 Labour outcome

   

0.036

  Vaginal birth2

1430 (84.8)

889 (86.2)

541 (82.5)

 

  Caesarean section

257 (15.2)

142 (13.8)

115 (17.5)

 

Missing = 7

 Post partum hemorrhage

   

0.259

  < 1000 ml

1602 (95.0)

984 (95.4)

618 (94.2)

 

  ≄ 1000 ml

85 (5.0)

47 (4.6)

38 (5.8)

 

Missing = 7

  1. Pre-specified level of statistical significance < 0.05, two-tailed
  2. 1Has reported experience of emotional, physical or sexual abuse during pregnancy irrespective severity
  3. 2Inclusive vacuum extraction (n = 121) and forceps (n = 10)