Table 7 Significant association (P < 0.15) between factors and breastfeeding initiation among CMI, revealed by univariate logistic regression analyses (Results of Phase 1)
From: Breastfeeding practices 2008–2009 among Chinese mothers living in Ireland: a mixed methods study
Initiated breastfeeding | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | ||
Socio-demographic factors | ||
Length of Irish residency at time of interview (years) | 7.8 ± 5.07 | 0.95 (0.902–0.996)* |
Child’s current age (years) | 3.8 ± 3.34 | 0.90 (0.84–0.97)* |
n (%) | ||
Mother‘s birthplace | ||
Mainland China | 184 (78.3) | 2.62 (1.28–5.36)* |
Hong Kong | 22 (57.9) | 1 |
Education level | ||
Tertiary | 117 (82.4) | 2.16 (1.23–3.80)* |
Primary/Secondary | 91 (68.4) | 1 |
Current occupation | ||
Self-employed/ Professional work | 54 (87.1) | 3.01 (1.30–6.95)* |
Non-professional work | 69 (76.7) | 1.47 (0.79–2.73) |
Housewife | 83 (69.2) | 1 |
Mother has been breastfed | ||
Yes | 183 (78.9) | 2.69 (1.36–5.32)* |
No/Don’t know | 25 (58.1) | 1 |
Husband’s education level | ||
Tertiary | 92 (82.1) | 1.88 (1.04–3.39)* |
Primary/Secondary | 115 (71.0) | 1 |
Parity | ||
Primiparous | 137 (80.1) | 1.87 (1.07–3.27)* |
Multiparous | 71 (68.3) | 1 |
Current accommodation | ||
Rented | 150 (79.4) | 0.53 (0.30–0.94)* |
Family’s own property | 57 (67.1) | 1 |
Husband’s current occupation | ||
Self-employed/ Professional work | 72 (82.8) | 0.55 (0.29–1.06) |
Non-professional work/ Unemployed | 133 (72.7) | 1 |
Child’s gender | ||
Female | 101 (79.5) | 1.53 (0.87–2.69) |
Male | 104 (71.7) | 1 |
Behavioural factors | ||
Maternal breastfeeding experience | ||
Had given birth to and breastfed the other child (ren) | 61 (81.3) | 1 |
Had given birth to but not breastfed any other child (ren) | 10 (37.0) | 0.14 (0.05–0.36)* |
Did not have birth nor breastfeeding experience | 137 (80.1) | 0.93 (0.46–1.85) |
Newborn bed shared with the mother | ||
Yes | 56 (82.4) | 1.70 (0.85–3.41) |
No | 151 (73.3) | 1 |
Social support and influence | ||
Feeding information obtained from internet | ||
Yes | 64 (88.9) | 3.28 (1.48–7.26)* |
No | 144 (70.9) | 1 |
Feeding information obtained from antenatal classes | ||
Yes | 63 (85.1) | 2.21 (1.09–4.50)* |
No | 145 (72.1) | 1 |
Feeding information obtained from mothers’ own mother | ||
Yes | 129 (81.6) | |
No | 78 (67.2) | 1 |
Her own mother’s attitude influenced her feeding choice | ||
Yes | 86 (84.3) | 2.25 (1.20–4.20)* |
No | 122 (70.5) | 1 |
Health professionals’ attitude influenced mother’s feeding choice | ||
Yes | 63 (91.3) | 4.42 (1.82–10.75)* |
No | 145 (70.4) | 1 |
Attitudinal factors | ||
Feeding decision was made | ||
Before pregnancy | 125 (88.0) | 11.95 (5.35–26.67)* |
During pregnancy | 67 (73.6) | 4.54 (2.08–9.88)* |
After the child was born | 16 (38.1) | 1 |
Attitude towards colostrum | ||
Important for the baby | 192 (82.1) | 7.14 (3.51–14.54)* |
Harmful for the baby/Should be discard/Don’t know | 16 (39.0) | 1 |
I do not like breastfeeding. | ||
Disagree | 179 (85.2) | 7.17 (3.86–13.33)* |
Agree/Don’t know | 29 (44.6) | 1 |
Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding. | ||
Disagree | 91 (85.0) | 2.48 (1.33–4.63)* |
Agree/Don’t know | 117 (69.6) | 1 |
I would feel embarrassed if someone saw me breastfeeding. | ||
Disagree | 98 (82.4) | 1.96 (1.09–3.50)* |
Agree/Don’t know | 110 (70.5) | 1 |
Some traditional Chinese food can help to improve milk production. | ||
Agree | 181 (78.7) | 2.46 (1.25–4.84)* |
Disagree/Don’t know | 27 (60.0) | 1 |
Mean ± SD | ||
Awareness of the advantages of breastfeeding (score) | 4.1 ± 0.69 | 2.46 (1.64–3.67)* |