Table 1 Themes and Subthemes

Inadequate intrapartum care and forms

1. Providing inadequate care and overlooking patient-centred care

2. Forms of Abuse (verbal, psychological, and physical)

Facilitators of D&AC

1. Discriminatory care

2. Provider perception and victim-blaming childbearing women/

3. Non-evidenced based practices of preventing adverse outcome

4. Health systems problems

Everyday occurrences

1. Everyday occurrences