Mass incarceration and public health: the association between black jail incarceration and adverse birth outcomes among black women in Louisiana

Table 4 Sensitivity analysis of violent crime in the association between birth outcomes and black jail incarceration

Variable	Categories	Preterm Birth Model C RR (95% CI)^a	p value	Low Birth Weight Model D RR (95% CI)	p value
Black Jail Incarceration Prevalence (per IQR^b increase)		1.04 (1.01–1.07)	.0074	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	.0440
Maternal age	< 20	1.06 (.92–1.21)	.4281	1.08 (.95–1.22)	.2457
	20–24	Reference
	25–29	1.03 (.96–1.10)	.432	.93 (.83–1.04)	.2087
	30+	1.22 (1.12–1.33)	<.0001	1.11 (1.00–1.23)	.0421
Insurance	Medicaid	.99 (.91–1.08)	.8537	1.08 (.98–1.19)	.1249
	Private	Reference
	Other	1.43 (1.15–1.79)	.0012	1.38 (1.22–1.57)	<.0001
Prenatal care utilization index^c	Inadequate	1.99 (1.78–2.24)	<.0001	1.69 (1.53–1.87)	<.0001
	Intermediate	1.56 (1.32–1.84)	<.0001	1.44 (1.28–1.63)	<.0001
	Adequate	Reference
	Adequate +	2.66 (2.42–2.92)	<.0001	2.15 (1.96–2.36)	<.0001
Parity	Nulliparous	Reference
Parity	Multiparous	1.21 (1.15–1.27)	<.0001	1.01 (.93–1.09)	.8754
Urbanicity	Mostly Urban	Reference
	Mostly Rural	1.18 (.99–1.39)	.0563	1.20 (1.06–1.36)	.0042
	Completely Rural	1.35 (.92–1.99)	.1284	1.29 (.97–1.72)	.0828
White – black median household income difference per 10,000		1.01 (.91–1.11)	.8853	1.05 (.97–1.13)	.2148
Gini		.34 (.05–2.19)	.2652	.31 (.11–.88)	.0277
Black educational Attainment^d		1.52 (.64–3.59)	.3385	1.77 (.79–3.97)	.1667
Crime Rate (per IQR increase)		1.00 (1.00–1.01)	.0311	1.04 (.96–1.12)	.3711

^a 95% Confidence Interval
^b IQR – Interquartile Range
^c Kotelchuck Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index
^d Percent of the non-Hispanic black population age 25 and older with a bachelor’s or higher degree

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