Publication year | median 2003 (range 1984–2017) |
Country | N (%) |
 France, Germany, Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Mozambique, Oman, Poland, Saudi Arabia | 1, each (31%) |
 India, UK | 2, each (14%) |
 Israel | 3 (10%) |
 US | 13 (45%) |
Funding | N (%) |
 Non-industry funded | 4 (14%) |
 Industry-funded | 1 (3%) |
 No funding | 2 (7%) |
 NR | 22 (76%) |
Study design | N (%) |
 RCT | 6 (21%) |
 Cohort, prospective | 12 (41%) |
 Cohort, retrospective | 11 (38%) |
Study sample size | Median 237 (range 32–12,676) |
Maternal agea | Range 17-45y |
Proportion of women with any prior vaginal deliveryb | Range 12–64% |
Interventions - pharmacologic | N (%) |
 Pharmacologic (all) | 19 (66%) |
  PGE2 vs. no PGE2 | 1 (3%) |
  PGE1 vs. spontaneous labor | 2 (6%) |
  PGE2 vs. spontaneous labor | 3 (10%) |
  PGE2 vs. expectant management | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin vs. no oxytocin | 2 (7%) |
  Oxytocin (AUG) vs. expectant management | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin vs. PGE2 | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin vs. PGE2 vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin (IND) vs. oxytocin (AUG) vs. no oxytocin | 3 (10%) |
  Oxytocin vs. (PGE1 + oxytocin [AUG]) vs. (PGE2 + oxytocin [AUG]) vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin vs. prostanglandin (NS) vs. (oxytocin+prostaglandin [NS]) vs. amniotomy vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
  Mifepristone +/− prostaglandin (NS) +/− (amniotomy+oxytocin+epidural) vs. placebo | 1 (3%) |
  Epidural analgesia vs. no epidural analgesia | 1 (3%) |
Interventions – non-pharmacologic | N (%) |
 Non-pharmacologic (all) | 3 (10%) |
  Membrane sweep vs. spontaneous labor/no intervention | 2 (6%) |
  Foley catheter 30 mL vs. Foley catheter 80 mL | 1 (3%) |
Interventions – pharmacologic +/−non-pharmacologic | N (%) |
 Pharmacologic +/− non-pharmacologic (all) | 7 (24%) |
  Oxytocin vs. (PGE1 +/− amniotomy [IND/AUG]) vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
  Foley catheter vs. oxytocin vs. (Foley+oxytocin) vs. PGE2 vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
  Foley catheter +/− oxytocin +/− PGE2 +/− amniotomy vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin +/− PGE1 +/− Foley catheter vs. expectant management | 1 (3%) |
  PGE2 vs. PGE2 + balloon catheter | 1 (3%) |
  Oxytocin vs. Cook balloon + oxytocin | 1 (3%) |
  Amniotomy vs. oxytocin vs. PGE1 vs. spontaneous labor | 1 (3%) |
Outcomes | N (%) |
 Studies reporting spontaneous onset of labor in addition to VBAC | 4 (14%) |
 Studies reporting assisted vaginal delivery | 8 (28%) |
 Studies reporting uterine dehiscencec only | 4 (14%) |
 Studies reporting uterine dehiscencec and uterine rupture | 13 (45%) |
 Studies reporting uterine rupture | 22 (76%) |