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Table 6 Case-control studies associated with VDR gene variantss and the risk of prematurity

From: Association between vitamin D plasma concentrations and VDR gene variants and the risk of premature birth

Study

Population

Origin

Groups

VDR SNVs*

Conclusions

Manzon et al.

(2013) [17]

Israel (Jewish)

33 caucasian mothers and their PTN (24–35 weeks gestation)

98 mothers and their FTN

TaqI

BsmI

ApaI

FokI

The frequency of the FokI/C allele was significantly higher in mothers who had preterm births.

Cai et al.

(2016) [18]

China

57 mothers who had PTN

84 mothers who had FTN

FokI

The FokI/FF genotype was associated as a risk factor for preterm birth.

Baczyńska-Strzecha et al. (2016) [19]

Poland

100 caucasian mothers who had PTN (22–36.6 weeks gestation)

99 mothers who had FTN

TaqI

BsmI

ApaI

There was no difference in the frequency of the genotypes individually, but the combination of the genotypes BsmI/bb-ApaI/AA-TaqI/TT and BsmI/BB-ApaI/aa-TaqI/tt were more frequent in mothers who had preterm birth.

Rosenfeld et al.

(2017) [20]

Israel (Jewish)

146 caucasian mothers and their PTN (24–36 weeks gestation)

229 mothers and their FTN

TaqI

BsmI

ApaI

FokI

The ApaI/AA genotype was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth.

Javorski et al.

(2018) [21]

Brazil

(Northeast)

104 mothers who had PTN

85 mothers who had FTN

FokI

The FokI/T allele was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth.

Barchitta et al.

(2018) [22]

Italy

17 mothers and their PTN (< 37 weeks gestation)

187 mothers and their FTN

FokI

The FokI polymorphic genotype in mothers was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

This study

Brazil

(Southeast)

40 mothers and their PTN (23–32 weeks gestation)

92 mothers and their FTN

TaqI

BsmI

ApaI

FokI

The BsmI/TT and ApaI/AA genotype increased prematurity risk, regardless of vitamin D deficiency. Preterm newborns with FokI/GG genotypes had lower serum vitamin D concentrations.

  1. SNV Single Nucleotide Variant, PTN preterm newborn, FTN full-term newborn, PTB preterm birth. Alleles according to HGVS nomenclature: TaqI/A > G; BsmI/ C > A or C > G or C > T; ApaI/C > A; and FokI/A > C or A > G or A > T