Urinary tract infections in pregnancy in a rural population of Bangladesh: population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology, and antibiotic resistance

Table 1 Clinical Categories of Urinary Tract Infection, Based on Culture Growth and Symptoms

UTI Terminology	Definition
High-burden growth	bacteriuria of > 10⁵ colony forming units (CFU) per 1 mL of urine of a single uropathogen [22]
Intermediate growth	bacteriuria with > 10³ -10⁵ CFU/mL of a single uropathogen
Contamination	bacterial growth of > 1 micro-organism OR growth of a non-urinary tract pathogen (Additional file 1: Table S1)
UTI symptoms	dysuria, urinary frequency, hematuria, abdominal pain, fever, OR flank pain
Symptomatic intermediate growth	women with intermediate burden growth and UTI symptoms (as above)
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria	women with high burden bacterial growth without UTI symptoms
Cystitis	women with positive urine culture (high burden or intermediate growth) and symptoms of dysuria, urinary frequency, hematuria, urinary urgency or suprapubic tenderness, without upper urinary tract symptoms (fever, chills, flank or back pain) [22]
Pyelonephritis	women with positive urine culture and systemic symptoms (fever, chills, flank pain or back pain) [22]