Skip to main content

Table 4 Factors associated with VAD among pregnant and lactating women in Lay- Armachiho district, northwest Ethiopia, 2017

From: Clinical vitamin-A deficiency and associated factors among pregnant and lactating women in Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Variables

Category

VAD

Proportion of VAD (%)

COR(95%CI)

AOR(95%CI)

Yes

No

Maternal education

No formal

98

379

20.55

1

1

Formal

4

261

1.51

0.06 (0.02,0.16)

0.09 (0.03, 0.41)*

Listen radio/TV

Yes

7

181

3.72

0.58 (0.10,0.45)

0.20 (0.07,0.59)*

No

95

459

17.15

1

1

Diarrhea in last 2 wks

Yes

9

22

29.03

2.72(1.22,6.80)

1.75 (0.37,4.51)

No

93

618

13.08

1

1

Household monthly income (USD)

< 22.7

43

86

33.33

4.76 (2.87,7.89)

8.90 (4.54,21.73)*

22.7–45.5

24

221

9.80

1.03 (0.59,1.79)

1.71 (0.79,4.54)

> 45.5

35

333

9.51

1

1

Age at first marriage in years

< 18

90

383

19.03

1

1

> 18

12

257

4.46

0.20 (0.11,0.37)

0.19 (0.08,0.36)*

Age of women in years

25–35

43

334

11.41

1

1

< 25

13

123

9.56

0.82 (0.45,1.43)

0.87 (0.43,2.62)

> 35

46

183

20.09

1.95 (1.26,3.22)

2.74 (1.15,7.43)*

Dietary diversity score

Low

50

254

16.45

1

1

Medium

44

311

12.39

0.72 (0.46,1.11)

0.93(0.71,1.34)

High

8

75

9.64

0.54 (0.25,1.19)

0.67 (0.43,1.51)

Wash hands with soap/ash after toilet

Sometimes

48

476

9.16

1

1

No hand wash

52

95

35.37

5.43 (3.46,8.51)

8.87 (4.43,18.68)*

Always

2

69

2.82

0.29 (0.07,1.21)

0.08 (0.02,0.76)*

Number of births

< 5

50

362

12.14

1

1

> 5

52

278

15.76

1.35 (1.07,2.53)

1.21 (0.52,3.31)

No of < 5 children

< 2

62

436

12.45

1

1

> 2

40

204

16.39

1.38 (0.99,2.69)

1.13 (0.48,5.12)

Fasting

Yes

94

478

16.43

1

1

No

8

162

4.71

0.25 (0.12,0.52)

0.14 (0.04,0.46)*

  1. *Significant at p-value < 0.05; AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; COR: Crude Odds Ratio