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Table 2 Risk factors for decreased birth satisfaction among women undergoing labor induction

From: Risk factors and racial disparities related to low maternal birth satisfaction with labor induction: a prospective, cohort study

 

Unsatisfied (n = 162)

Satisfied (n = 168)

p-value

Age a

29 [24–34]

29 [25–34]

0.53

Race

0.02

Black (n = 213)

115 (54.0)

98 (46.0)

 

Non-Black (n = 117)

47 (40.2)

70 (59.8)

 

Insurance Type

0.31

Private/Individual (n = 152)

70 (46.1)

82 (54.0)

 

Medicaid/Uninsured (n = 178)

92 (51.7)

86 (48.3)

 

BMI

0.99

  < 25 (n = 24)

11 (45.8)

13 (54.2)

 

25–29.9 (n = 84)

40 (47.6)

44 (52.4)

 

30–34.9 (n = 103)

51 (49.5)

52 (50.5)

 

35–39.9 (n = 53)

26 (49.1)

27 (50.9)

 

  > or equal to 40 (n = 66)

34 (51.5)

32 (48.5)

 

Number of Prenatal Visits a

10 [8–13]

11 [9–13]

0.21

Parity

0.02

Nulliparous (n = 203)

110 (54.2)

93 (45.8)

 

Multiparous (n = 127)

52 (40.9)

75 (59.1)

 

Indication for labor induction

0.31

Maternal indications (n = 131) b

58 (44.3)

73 (55.7)

 

Fetal indications (n = 114) c

56 (49.1)

58 (50.9)

 

Elective/Other (n = 49) d

26 (53.1)

23 (46.9)

 

Late term (n = 36)

22 (61.1)

14 (38.9)

 

Gestational Age at Delivery (weeks) a

39 [38–40]

39 [38–40]

0.09

Modified Bishop Score at labor induction a

3 [1–3]

2 [2–3]

0.84

Cervical dilation at labor induction a

1–2 [0–2]

2 [0–2]

0.41

Labor induction Method

0.48

Misoprostol alone (n = 11)

5 (45.5)

6 (54.6)

 

Foley alone (n = 15)

9 (60.0)

6 (40.0)

 

Foley + Misoprostol (n = 265)

126 (47.6)

139 (52.5)

 

Foley + Pitocin (n = 37)

20 (54.1)

17 (46.0)

 

Other (n = 2)

2 (100)

0 (0)

 

Mode of Delivery

< 0.0001

Vaginal Delivery (n = 241)

102 (42.3)

139 (57.7)

 

Cesarean Delivery (n = 89)

60 (67.4)

29 (32.6)

 

Length of labor (h)a

18.3 [12.5–23.1]

14.6 [10.6–21.2]

0.0013

Indication for Cesarean

0.65

Elective/Other (n = 7)

5 (71.4)

2 (28.6)

 

Failed labor induction/Arrest of active phase (n = 37)

26 (70.3)

11 (29.7)

 

Arrest of descent/Failed operative delivery (n = 13)

10 (77.0)

3 (23.1)

 

Fetal heart rate indications (n = 32)

19 (59.4)

13 (40.6)

 

Regional Anesthesia

0.17

Yes (n = 312)

156 (50.0)

156 (50.0)

 

No (n = 18)

6 (33.3)

12 (66.7)

 
  1. Data are presented as the row n(%) unless otherwise indicated
  2. aRow Median [Interquartile Range]
  3. bExamples include: chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes, renal disease, history of venous thromboembolism, cardiac disease or other chronic medical condition where labor induction was recommended
  4. cExamples include: Oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction, abnormality on fetal testing
  5. dExamples of “other” include: history of an intrauterine fetal demise, vaginal bleeding at term, cholestasis