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Table 1 Study population characteristics. HS/GED: High school/General Educational Development

From: Serum metallome in pregnant women and the relationship with congenital malformations of the central nervous system: a case-control study

Variables

Control (n = 90)

CNS (n = 17)

Other (n = 94)

 Gestational age (weeks and days)

18w4d ± 2w1d

19w1d ± 3w1d

18w6d ± 2w1d

 Maternal Age (years)

31.24 ± 6.73

31.82 ± 7.11

33.61 ± 6.31

 < 30

44(48.9%)

6 (35.3%)

51 (54.3%)

 ≥ 30

46 (51.1%)

11 (64.7%)

43 (45.7%)

Marital Status

 Single

20 (22.2%)

2 (11.8%)

20 (21.3%)

 Married

70 (77.8%)

15 (88.2%)

74 (78.7%)

Pre-preg. BMI (Kg/m2)

 Underweight (≤19.0)

10 (11.1%)

3 (17.6%)

13 (13.8%)

 Average (19.0–24.9)

52 (57.8%)

6 (35.3%)

61 (64.9%)

 Overweight (25.0–29.9)

20 (22.2%)

5 (29.4%)

15 (16.0%)

 Obese (≥30.0)

8 (8.9%)

3 (17.6%)

5 (5.3%)

Education

 < high school

16 (17.8%)

2 (11.8%)

2 (2.1%)

 HS/GED

53 (58.9%)

10 (58.8%)

63 (67.0%)

 Any college

21 (23.3%)

5 (29.4%)

29 (30.9%)

Infant Sex

 Female

47 (52.2%)

7 (41.2%)

44 (46.8%)

 Male

43 (47.8%)

10 (58.8%)

50 (53.2%)

Tobacco use

 No tobacco

80 (88.9%)

15 (88.2%)

88 (93.6%)

 Tobacco use

10 (11.1%)

2 (11.8%)

6 (6.4%)