Table 8 Final questionnaire quality of life on GDM (GDMQ-36)

2

I’m concerned about the loss of fetal movement

3

I’m concerned about the fetal death

4

I’m concerned about fetal abnormalities

5

I’m concerned about my baby’s blood sugar drop after birth

6

I have to visit doctors with different specialties

7

I’m concerned about poor weight gain

8

I’m concerned that diabetes would be transmitted to my baby

9

I have to visit the doctor frequently

10

I’m concerned about fetal and baby weight gain

11

I’m concerned about delayed wound healing

12

My diet is repetitious and not diversified

13

I faced constraints on my favorite foods and fruits

14

My food is separated from the family meal

15

The family basket has changed due to my diet

16

To measure fasting blood sugar, I should fast for a long time and endure hunger

17

My sexual activity has decreased due to GDM

18

I use fruits and food with low and determined amounts

19

I go less often to the party and restaurants due to GDM

20

I have feelings of thirst and dry mouth

21

I repeatedly go to the bathroom

22

I have blood sugar drop

23

I get angry soon

24

I feel depressed

25

My mind is obsessed with the disease

26

Insulin injection is difficult for me at specific times of the day

27

Insulin injections for several times is difficult and time consuming for me

28

Frequent blood glucose test is difficult for me

29

I’m concerned about drug side effects on my fetus

30

I adjust insulin dose based on my blood glucose

31

People’s empathy helps me to tolerate the disease

32

My spouse mental and emotional support helps me tolerate the disease easier

33

The information from healthcare workers about the disease has helped me

34

The positive experience of the people around me about the disease has helped me

35

The information I receive about the disease from the media and the Internet has helped me

36

Prayer with God has helped me tolerate the disease