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Table 4 Maternal predictors of neonatal and maternal outcomes in multiple logistic regression analysis stratified by median HbA1c values

From: Potentially modifiable predictors of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: can they help for future risk stratification and risk-adapted patient care?

 

Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-value

Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-value

 

HbA1c at the 1st GDM booking ≥ 5.5% (37 mmol/mol)

HbA1c at the 1st GDM booking < 5.5% (37 mmol/mol)

Cesarean section

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

1.07

1.01

1.15

0.031

1.02

0.96

1.09

0.545

Macrosomiaa

Gestational weight gain (kg)

1.19

1.06

1.33

0.003

0.99

0.85

1.14

0.846

LGAb

Gestational weight gain (kg)

1.17

1.07

1.30

0.001

0.99

0.88

1.11

0.813

Prematurityd

1-h oGTT glucose value (mmol/l)

1.37

1.03

1.81

0.030

1.10

0.77

1.58

0.590

 

HbA1c at the end of pregnancy ≥ 5.5% (37 mmol/mol)e

HbA1c at the end of pregnancy < 5.5% (37 mmol/mol)e

Macrosomiaa

Gestational weight gain (kg)

1.11

1.02

1.21

0.013

-f

-f

-f

-f

LGAb

Gestational weight gain (kg)

1.09

1.02

1.17

0.009

1.25

0.47

3.29

0.658

SGAc

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

0.92

0.86

0.99

0.028

1.06

0.88

1.26

0.547

Maternal medical treatment requirement

0.50

0.26

0.98

0.044

3.26

0.43

24.75

0.254

Hypoglycemiag

Maternal medical treatment requirement

2.52

1.16

5.48

0.020

0.95

0.23

3.91

0.944

  1. Multiple logistic regression analyses with all the variables presented in Table 2, adjusted for maternal age, neonatal sex and gestational age. Median HbA1c values are used for stratification. Predictors are only shown if the P value is < 0.05 in the multiple regression analysis in either stratified group. Outcomes are only shown if at least one predictor is found
  2. Abbreviations: HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, CI Confidence interval, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, BMI Body mass index, oGTT Oral glucose tolerance test, LGA Large for gestational age, SGA Small for gestational age
  3. a birth weight ≥ 4000 g
  4. b LGA: birth weight > 90th percentile for sex and gestational age using the Intergrowth 21st newborn size application tool [30]
  5. c SGA: birth weight < 10th percentile for sex and gestational age using the Intergrowth 21st newborn size application tool [30]
  6. d gestational age < 37 weeks
  7. e this corresponds to the last visit at the GDM clinic
  8. f statistical analysis not possible due to the small amount of outcomes
  9. g capillary or venous glucose value ≤2.5 mmol/l