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Table 2 Maternal predictors of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes in univariate analysis

From: Potentially modifiable predictors of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: can they help for future risk stratification and risk-adapted patient care?

Presence of neonatal and maternal outcomes

Maternal predictors

Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-value

Cesarean section

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

1.06

1.02

1.09

0.001

Excess weight gaina

1.18

1.00

1.38

0.048

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.10

0.99

1.23

0.084

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.08

0.97

1.20

0.166

HbA1c at the 1st GDM booking (%/mmol/mol)

1.63

1.04

2.56

0.033

Maternal medical treatment requirement

1.65

1.11

2.44

0.013

Macrosomiab

Gestational weight gain (kg)

1.11

1.05

1.17

< 0.001

Excess weight gain)a

1.41

1.10

1.79

0.006

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.63

1.16

2.29

0.005

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.17

0.96

1.42

0.115

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.21

0.99

1.47

0.065

HbA1c at the 1st GDM booking (%/mmol/mol)

2.92

1.42

6.03

0.004

HbA1c at the end of pregnancy (%/mmol/mol)c

6.45

1.82

22.90

0.004

Maternal medical treatment requirement

2.75

1.29

5.86

0.009

LGAd

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

1.04

1.00

1.08

0.064

Gestational weight gain (kg)

1.08

1.04

1.12

< 0.001

Excess weight gaina

1.46

1.23

1.74

< 0.001

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.46

1.12

1.91

0.006

1-h oGGT glucose (mmol/l)

1.13

0.99

1.29

0.077

HbA1c at the 1st GDM booking (%/mmol/mol)

1.84

1.08

3.14

0.025

HbA1c at the end of pregnancy (%/mmol/mol)c

2.84

1.01

7.93

0.047

Maternal medical treatment requirement

1.91

1.14

3.20

0.014

SGAe

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

0.95

0.81

1.00

0.077

Maternal medical treatment requirement

0.59

0.32

1.08

0.087

Hypoglycemiaf

Excess weight gaina

1.20

0.96

1.50

0.107

Maternal medical treatment requirement

2.03

1.06

3.88

0.032

Prematurityg

Gestational weight gain (kg)

0.97

0.94

1.01

0.159

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/l)

1.13

0.94

1.36

0.188

HbA1c at the end of pregnancy (%/mmol/mol)c

12.48

1.85

84.13

0.010

Hospitalization for neonatal complication

Gestational weight gain (kg)

0.97

0.93

1.00

0.082

Jaundice requiring phototherapy

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

1.08

0.99

1.18

0.071

Excess weight gaina

1.31

0.89

1.95

0.174

  1. Univariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for maternal age, neonatal sex and gestational age. This table shows the odds ratio for the presence (vs absence) of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Only variables with a p-value of < 0.2 are displayed. See Additional file 1: Table S1 for all results
  2. Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, oGTT Oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, LGA Large for gestational age, SGA Small for gestational age
  3. a according to the Institute of Medicine 2009 guidelines [13]
  4. b birth weight ≥ 4000 g
  5. c this corresponds to the last visit at the GDM clinic
  6. d LGA: birth weight > 90th percentile for sex and gestational age using the Intergrowth 21st newborn size application tool [30]
  7. e SGA: birth weight < 10th percentile for sex and gestational age using the Intergrowth 21st newborn size application tool [30]
  8. f capillary or venous glucose value ≤2.5 mmol/l
  9. g gestational age < 37 weeks
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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