Induction of labor compared to expectant management in term nulliparas with a latent phase of labor of more than 8 hours: a randomized trial

Table 4 Secondary Outcomes

Outcomes	Induction (n = 149)	Expectant (n = 159)	RR (95%CI)	P value
Neonatal outcomes
Apgar score at 5 min	9.1 ± 0.8	9.1 ± 0.7		0.50
Apgar score ≤ 7 at 5 min	3 (2.0)	7 (4.4)	0.5 (0.1–1.8)	0.34
Cord blood pH	7.3 ± 0.1	7.3 ± 0.1		0.35
pH ≤ 7	2 (1.3)	3 (1.9)	0.7 (0.1–4.3)	1.00
Base excess ≤ −8	2 (1.3)	6 (3.8)	0.4 (0.1–2.0)	0.30
Birth weight	3.1 ± 0.3	3.1 ± 0.4		0.24
Admission to neonatal unit	6 (3.9)	9 (5.6)	0.7 (0.2–2.0)	0.60
Neonatal tachypnoea	1	1
Neonatal Jaundice^a	2	3
Observation	0	3
Others^b	3	2
Neonatal antibiotics	1	1

Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). Analyses by Student t test for continuous variables and Chi Square test for categorical data sets
^aNeonatal jaundice defined as jaundice requiring phototherapy at maternal bedside
^bOthers include: 1 congenital heart disease, 1 hypoglycemia, 1 imperforated anus and 2 pneumonia