Fig. 2

Biomarker distribution by time of ART initiation (Box-and-whiskers representation). a Placental growth factor level (PlGF) in 1st trimester and 2nd trimester; b soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) level in 1st trimester and 2nd trimester c sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in ^1st trimester and 2nd trimester. By time of ART initiation (before or after conception). On HIV medication at conception: No, n = 62; Yes, n = 97. The boxes extend from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile (i.e., the interquartile range); lines inside boxes represent median values. Lines emerging from boxes (i.e., the whiskers) extend to the upper and lower adjacent values. The lower adjacent values provide an estimate of the lower limit of the array and represents the first quartile value less 1.5 times the difference between the first and third quartiles. The upper adjacent value provides an estimate of the upper limit of the array and represents the third quartile value plus 1.5 times the difference between the first and third quartiles. Values outside these limits are outliers. ART: antiretroviral therapy; PI: protease inhibitor