The effect of antenatal depression and antidepressant treatment on placental tissue: a protein-validated gene expression study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical variables in the study group

Variable	Healthy controls (n 47)	Women with untreated depression (n 25)	Women on antidepressant treatment (n 45)	p*	p untreated depression vs. controls	p antidepressant treatment vs. controls	p antidepressant treatment vs. untreated depression
Age, years	30.3 ± 3.5	30.3 ± 4.9	31.2 ± 4.8	0.560
BMI, kg/m²	25.7 ± 4.7	25.0 ± 4.4	26.7 ± 5.0	0.339
Nordic origin, n (%)	46 (97.9)	23 (92.0)	42 (93.3)	0.302
University education, n (%)	34 (82.9)	16 (64.0)	28 (70.0)	0.489
Parous, n (%)	19 (40.4)	14 (56.0)	30 (66.7)	0.040	0.207	0.012	0.378
Smoking during pregnancy, n (%)	0	3 (12.0)	1 (2.2)	0.024	0.039	0.489	0.127
Mode of delivery				0.460
Vaginal, n (%)	40 (85.1)	21 (84.0)	34 (75.6)
Planned CS, n (%)	2 (4.3)	2 (8.0)	7 (15.6)
Emergency CS, n (%)	5 (10.6)	2 (8.0)	4 (8.9)
Gestational length, days	282 ± 7	282 ± 8	276 ± 9	0.001	0.995	0.001	0.007
Birthweight, grams	3697 ± 587	3769 ± 427	3640 ± 437	0.571
EPDS in gestational week 17	2 (1–5)	13 (11–16)	7 (5–11)	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.009
EPDS in gestational week 32	3 (1.5–5)	15 (13–16)	7 (5–12)	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.002

Data presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n (%). Statistics by Chi-square tests*, one-way ANOVA*, or Kruskal-Wallis test*. Post hoc tests by Tukey HSD or Dunn’s test. Frequencies given in relation to available responses. BMI Body Mass Index, CS Caesarean Section, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range

ISSN: 1471-2393