Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the Born in Shenyang Cohort Study (BISCS)
Variable | PSQIa scores < 5 N (%) or mean ± SD | PSQI scores ≥5 N (%) or mean ± SD | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Â | Â | 0.801 |
  < 30 | 240 (20.83) | 317 (27.52) |  |
  ≥ 30 | 252 (21.88) | 343 (29.77) |  |
Gestational age (weeks) | 23.48 ± 3.20 | 23.76 ± 3.33 | 0.177 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Â | Â | 0.632 |
  < 23 | 325 (28.21) | 427 (37.07) |  |
  ≥ 23 | 167 (14.50) | 233 (20.23) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | 0.626 |
 No | 465 (40.36) | 628 (54.51) |  |
 Yes | 27 (2.34) | 32 (2.78) |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | 0.033* |
 Junior high school or lower | 51 (4.43) | 41 (3.56) |  |
 Senior high school | 84 (7.29) | 97 (8.42) |  |
 University | 314 (27.26) | 457 (39.67) |  |
 Postgraduate | 43 (3.73) | 65 (5.64) |  |
Annual household income (CNY) b | Â | Â | 0.018* |
  < 10,000 | 44 (3.82) | 96 (8.33) |  |
 10,000–30,000 | 71 (6.16) | 96 (8.33) |  |
 30,000–50,000 | 143 (12.41) | 156 (13.54) |  |
 50,000–70,000 | 117 (10.16) | 140 (12.15) |  |
  > 70,000 | 117 (10.16) | 172 (14.93) |  |
Social support scores | Â | Â | 0.786 |
  < 45 | 350 (30.38) | 481 (41.75) |  |
  ≥ 45 | 87 (7.55) | 112 (9.27) |  |
 Missing valuec | 55 (4.77) | 67 (5.82) |  |
Pregnancy stress scores |  |  | < 0.001* |
  = 0 | 91 (7.90) | 53 (4.60) |  |
  > 0 | 401 (34.81) | 607 (52.69) |  |
Antenatal depression |  |  | < 0.001* |
 No | 431 (37.41) | 450 (39.06) |  |
 Yes | 61 (5.30) | 210 (18.23) |  |
Postnatal depression |  |  | < 0.001* |
 No | 283 (24.57) | 317 (27.52) |  |
 Yes | 40 (3.47) | 99 (8.59) |  |
 Missing valued | 169 (14.67) | 244 (21.18) |  |