Table 3 Concordance measures of ANC indicators from the ANC card and self-reported questionnaire information
Concordance ANC card/Self-reported | Discordance ANC card/Self-reported | % Agreement (95% CI) | Kappa (95% CI) | P value | Agreement strength categorya | PABAK (95% CI) | Agreement strength categoryb | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No/No | Yes/Yes | Yes/No | No/Yes | ||||||||
Indicator | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |||||||
Report of the number of antenatal care visitsd (n = 3791) | 12.6 (479) | 70.1 (2657) | 1.0 (36) | 6.3 (619) | 82.72 (81.43–84.02) | 0.50 (0.47–0.53) | <0.001 | moderate | 0.65 (0.63–0.68) | substantial | <0.001 |
Report of the last date of menstrual period (n = 3922) | 0.4 (16) | 72.2 (2832) | 0.5 (19) | 26.9 (1055) | 72.62 (71.22–74.01) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 0.043 | slight | 0.45 (0.42–0.48) | moderate | <0.001 |
Clinical exams | |||||||||||
Weight measurement (n = 3922) | 0.0 (1) | 96.2 (3773) | 0.2 (7) | 3.6 (141) | 96.23 (95.63–96.82) | 0.01(−0.02–0.03) | 0.472 | slight | 0.92 (0.91–0.94) | almost perfect | <0.001 |
Symphysis-fundal height measurement (n = 3922) | 0.2 (8) | 93.2 (3654) | 0.3 (11) | 6.4 (249) | 93.37 (92.59–94.15) | 0.05 (0.01–0.08) | 0.009 | slight | 0.87 (0.85–0.88) | almost perfect | <0.001 |
Blood pressure measurement (n = 3923) | 0.0 (0) | 96.4 (3780) | 0.1 (2) | 3.6 (141) | 96.35 (95.77–96.94) | c-0.00(−0.00–0.00) | 0.152 | poor | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | almost perfect | <0.001 |
Gynecological exam (n = 3922) | 10.5 (413) | 31.5 (1237) | 3.9 (154) | 54.0 (2118) | 42.07 (40.52–43.62) | 0.04 (0.02–0.05) | <0.001 | slight | c-0.16(−0.19- -0-13) | poor | <0.001 |
Cervical cancer screening test (n = 3914) | 31.7 (1241) | 15.0 (587) | 3.8 (147) | 49.5 (1939) | 46.70 (45.14–48.27) | 0.09 (0.07–0.11) | <0.001 | slight | c-0.07(−0.09- -0.03) | poor | <0.001 |
Dental exam (n = 3922) | 61.0 (2391) | 1.7 (67) | 3.0 (119) | 34.3 (1345) | 62.67 (61.16–64.19) | 0.00(−0.02–0.02) | 0.996 | slight | 0.25 (0.22–0.28) | fair | <0.001 |
Breast exam (n = 3917) | 45.9 (1796) | 9.1 (357) | 7.7 (300) | 37.4 (1464) | 54.97 (53.41–56.53) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | <0.001 | slight | 0.09 (0.07–0.13) | slight | <0.001 |
Venereal disease research lab (VDRL) test (n = 3923) | 0.0 (1) | 91.1 (3573) | 0.2 (6) | 8.7 (343) | 91.10 (90.21–91.99) | 0.00(−0.01–0.01) | 0.68 | slight | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | almost perfect | <0.001 |
Diseases during pregnancy | |||||||||||
Hypertension (n = 3922) | 74.0 (2903) | 0.7 (29) | 0.4 (15) | 24.9 (976) | 74.76 (73.40–76.12) | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | <0.001 | slight | 0.49 (0.47–0.52) | moderate | <0.001 |
Anaemia (n = 3921) | 57.2 (2241) | 3.0 (118) | 0.5 (18) | 39.4 (1544) | 60.16 (58.63–61.70) | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | < 0.001 | slight | 0.20 (0.17–0.23) | fair | <0.001 |
Diabetes (n = 3923) | 90.9 (3567) | 0.4 (16) | 0.2 (8) | 8.5 (332) | 91.33 (90.45–92.21) | 0.07 (0.04–0.11) | <0.001 | slight | 0.82 (0.81–0.84) | almost perfect | 0.001 |
Urinary tract infection (n = 3917) | 47.6 (1866) | 25.2 (986) | 6.9 (269) | 20.3 (796) | 72.81 (71.41–74.21) | 0.41 (0.41–0.47) | <0.001 | moderate | 0.46 (0.43–0.48) | moderate | <0.001 |
Sexually transmitted diseases (n = 3919) | 96.3 (3774) | 0.1 (2) | 2.7 (107) | 0.9 (36) | 96.35 (95.76–96.95) | 0.02(−0.02–0.07) | 0.218 | slight | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | almost perfect | <0.001 |
Vaccination-Supplements | |||||||||||
Tetanus toxoid vaccination (n = 3866) | 21.5 (831) | 39.1 (1513) | 14.5 (562) | 24.8 (960) | 60.63 (59.07–62.19) | 0.19 (0.17–0.22) | <0.001 | slight | 0.21 (0.18–0.24) | fair | <0.001 |
Hepatitis B vaccination (n = 3842) | 38.8 (1490) | 23.8 (913) | 9.9 (379) | 27.6 (1060) | 62.55 (60.99–64.10) | 0.26 (0.23–0.29) | <0.001 | fair | 0.25 (0.22–0.28) | fair | <0.001 |
Prescription of iron supplements (n = 3923) | 17.8 (697) | 22.1 (865) | 3.2 (126) | 57.0 (2235) | 39.82 (38.28–41.35) | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) | <0.001 | slight | c-0.20(−0.23- -0.17) | poor | <0.001 |
Counselling | |||||||||||
Risks of alcohol use during pregnancy (n = 3920) | 25.4 (994) | 0.8 (31) | 0.2 (7) | 73.7 (2888) | 26.15 (24.77–27.52) | 0.00(−0.00–0.01) | 0.263 | slight | c-0.48(−0.50- -0.45) | poor | <0.001 |
Risks of smoking during pregnancy (n = 3920) | 24.6 (965) | 1.0 (38) | 0.2 (8) | 74.2 (2909) | 25.59 (24.22–26.95) | 0.00(−0.00–0.01) | 0.189 | slight | c-0.49(−0.52- -0.46) | poor | <0.001 |
Physical exercises such as walking (n = 3921) | 38.0 (1489) | 0.0 (1) | 0.1 (2) | 62.0 (2429) | 38.00 (36.48–39.52) | c-0.00(−0.00- -0.00) | 0.368 | poor | c-0.24 (−0.27- -0.21) | poor | <0.001 |