Table 1 Characteristics of studies investigating the association between interpregnancy weight change and adverse perinatal outcomes
From: Effect of interpregnancy weight change on perinatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Author & publication date | Included in meta-analysis?a | Country | Study cohort (if applicable) | Study period | Sample size | Inclusion criteria | Reported weight | Reference group | Diagnostic criteria | Confounders adjusted for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bogaerts et al. 2013 [25] | Yes | Belgium | Study Centre for Perinatal Epidemiology database | 2009–2011 | 7897 | First two consecutive births | Self-reported weight and height | ±1 BMI unit | GDM: not clarified PIH: not clarified | Prepregnancy BMI at first pregnancy, interpregnancy interval, gestational age at first delivery, maternal age, gestational weight gain, complications at first pregnancy (GDM, PIH, induction of labour, CS, malformations and mortality) |
Bender et al. 2018 [46] | No | USA | Hospital of Pennsylvania retrospective cohort | 2005–2010 | 537 | Singleton livebirth followed by consecutive pregnancy | Weight measured at first antenatal visit, self-reported height | Stable BMI category | GDM: Carpenter–Coustan criteria for the 3-h glucose tolerance test PIH: Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy PTB: < 37 weeks | Maternal age, GDM in prior pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI category |
Benjamin et al. 2019 [39] | No | USA | Texas linked siblings pair | 2005–2012 | 2481 | Birth certificates linked with older live birth, singleton sibling | Self-reported weight and height | 0 to < 1 BMI units weight gain | SGA: Not reported LGA: Not reported PTB: Not reported | Prepregnancy BMI at sibling pregnancy, ethnicity, smoking status, gestational weight gain, height, maternal age and education |
Chen et al. 2009 [26] | No | USA | Collaborative Perinatal Project | 1959–1966 | 1892 | Singleton livebirth followed by consecutive singleton pregnancy | Self-reported weight and height | − 0.32 to 1.48 BMI units | PTB: < 37 weeks | Maternal age, research centre, race, smoking status, socio-economic index, marital status and interpregnancy interval |
Cheng et al. 2003 [27] | No | USA | Missouri maternally linked cohort | 1989–1997 | 14,114 | Second-born SGA infants | Self-reported weight and height | No change in BMI | SGA: <10th percentile | Not reported |
Crosby et al. 2017 [47] | No | Ireland | Follow up of ROLO study | 2007–2015 | 280 | Secundigravida who previously gave birth to macrosomic (> 4.0 kg) baby | Weight and height measured at first antenatal visit | No interpregnancy weight gain (not further specified) | GDM: Not specified | No adjusted model available |
Ehrlich et al. 2011 [24] | Yes | USA | Kaiser Permanente Northern California | 1996–2006 | 22,351 | Women without recognised diabetes before pregnancy, first and second live born singletons | Measured by clinician at time of alpha fetoprotein test (mean GA 16.9 weeks) | ± 1.0 BMI unit | GDM: According ADA criteria | Maternal age, race, ethnicity, place of birth, GDM status in first pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI in first pregnancy, gestational age, interpregnancy interval |
Getahun et al. 2007 [28] | No | USA | Missouri vital record system | 1989–1997 | 136,884 | No history of pre-eclampsia in index pregnancy, delivering second baby. | Self-reported weight and height | Normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) in both pregnancies | PE: hypertension and proteinuria beyond 20th week gestation in women normotensive before pregnancy | Maternal age, race, education, marital status, prenatal care, smoking status and interpregnancy interval |
Getahun et al. 2007 [29] | No | USA | Missouri vital record system | 1989–1997 | 146,227 | First two consecutive singleton pregnancies | Self-reported weight and height | Normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) in both pregnancies | LGA: ≥90th percentile | Maternal age, race, education, marital status, prenatal care, smoking status, alcohol during pregnancy, marital status and interpregnancy interval |
Glazer et al. 2004 [36] | No | USA | Washington State Longitudinal Births Database | 1992–1998 | 4102 | Non-diabetic women with weight ≥ 200lbs. with ≥2 singleton births. | Pre-pregnancy weight from birth certificate, unspecified how measured | ± 10 lb | GDM: not clarified | Maternal age, gestational weight gain in index pregnancy and gestational weight gain during subsequent pregnancy |
Hoff et al. 2009 [30] | No | USA | Missouri birth certificates | 1995–2004 | 1035 | First two consecutive singleton pregnancies in overweight women | Pre-pregnancy weight from birth certificate, unspecified how measured | overweight BMI (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) in both pregnancies | PIH: not clarified PTB: < 37 weeks | No adjusted model available |
Jain et al. 2013 [31] | No | USA | Missouri vital record system | 1998–2005 | 10,444 | First two consecutive singleton pregnancies with a BMI ≥ 30 at index pregnancy. | Self-reported weight and height | ± 2 BMI units | SGA: <10th percentile LGA:< 90th percentile | Maternal ae, race, martial status, education, socioeconomic status, obesity status in first pregnancy, gestational weight gain, smoking, PE, prenatal care, previous SGA or LGA birth, DM, hypertension, renal or cardiac disease |
Knight-Agarwal et al. 2016 [32] | Yes | Australia | Birthing Outcome System | 2008–2013 | 14,875 | Women of all parity with subsequent pregnancies. | Weight and height recorded at first antenatal visit (mean GA not reported) | ± 1 BMI unit | GDM: not clarified | Maternal age, parity, country of birth, smoking status |
Kruse et al. 2015 [33] | No | Denmark | – | 2009–2013 | 72 | Primiparas with a history of GDM | Unspecified how weight was recorded | No change in BMI units | GDM: ≥9.0 mmol/L blood glucose 2 h after OGTT. | No adjusted model available |
Lynes et al. 2017 [22] | Yes | USA | NICHD Consecutive Pregnancy Study | 2002–2010 | 46,521 | First two consecutive singleton births | Unspecified how weight was recorded | ± 1 BMI unit | GDM: not clarified PIH: ≥140 mmHg systolic and ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic without proteinuria PE: ≥140 mmHg systolic and ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic with proteinuria | Maternal race, interpregnancy interval, maternal age, marital status, smoking status, alcohol use during second pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI, complication in first pregnancy (GDM, PE, PIH) |
McBain et al. 2016 [34] | No | Australia | Women’s and Childeren’s Health Network | 2000–2012 | 5371 | First and second consecutive deliveries. | BMI units recorded at first antenatal visit (before GA 15 weeks) | ±2 BMI units | GDM: not clarified PTB: not clarified SGA: <10th centile LGA: ≥90th centile | Maternal age, socioeconomic status, prepregnancy BMI in first pregnancy, smoking status, race, interpregnancy interval, first pregnancy outcome (GDM, PIH, birth method, LGA and SGA) |
Pole et al. 1999 [37] | No | Canada | Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database | 1988–1996 | 19,932 | Two or more singletons | Not stated | ± 3% weight | GDM: two abnormal glucose values on a GTT according to Joslin Clinic or O’Sullivan criteria. PIH: BP ≥90 mmHg diastolic, twice in 24 h | Prepregnancy weight (in lbs) of index pregnancy, gestational age, marital status, previous CS, maternal age, gestational weight gain, GDM in previous pregnancy |
Simonsen et al. 2013 [38] | No | USA | Maternally linked Utah birth and fetal records | 1989–2007 | 8468 | First three singleton live births. | Pre-pregnancy BMI from birth certificate (mean GA not reported) | BMI category unchanged | PTB: ≥20 and < 37 weeks | Maternal age, ethnicity, gestational weight gain, father on birth record, interpregnancy interval, subtype of previous PTB, gestational age at previous PTB, fetal death or anomaly in history |
Sorbye et al. 2017 [23] | Yes | Norway | Medical Birth Registry of Norway | 2006–2014 | 24,198 | First and second delivery without GDM in index pregnancy | Unspecified how weight was recorded | ± 1 BMI units | GDM: fasting glucose < 7.0 mmol/l and serum glucose after OGTT ≥7.8 mmol/l | Maternal age, country of birth, maternal education, smoking status, interpregnancy interval and year of delivery |
Villamor et al. 2006 [20] | Yes | Sweden | Swedish Birth Register | 1992–2001 | 151,025 | First and second consecutive singleton births. | BMI units recorded at first antenatal visit (mean GA not reported) | ± 1 BMI units | GDM: ICD-9648 W, ICD-10 O244. PE: ICD-9642E-642H, ICD-10 O11 and O14. PIH: ICD-9642D and 642X, ICD-10 O13 LGA: ≥2 SD above mean birthweight | Prepregnancy BMI in first pregnancy, height, interpregnancy interval, maternal age, country of birth, education, year of delivery, smoking status |
Wallace et al. 2014 [21] | Yes | Scotland | Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank | 1986–2007 | 12,740 | First two consecutive births. | Weight and height recorded at first antenatal visit (mean GA not reported) | ± 1 BMI units | PE: ISSHP definition PIH: ISSHP definition PTB: < 37 weeks SGA: <10th percentile LGA: ≥90th percentile | Prepregnancy BMI in first pregnancy, height inter-delivery interval, maternal age, year of delivery, smoking status, gestational age and fetal gender at second pregnancy. |
Wallace et al. 216 [35] | No | Scotland | Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank | 1986–2013 | 24,520 | First two consecutive births and the same perinatal complication in both pregnancies | Weight and height recorded at first antenatal visit (mean GA not reported) | ± 2 BMI units | PTB: < 37 weeks PE: ISSHP definition PIH: ISSHP definition SGA: <10th percentile LGA: ≥90th percentile | Prepregnancy BMI in first pregnancy, year of delivery, height, inter-delivery interval, maternal age, smoking status, gestational age and fetal sex at first and second pregnancy |
Ziauddeen et al. 2019 [19] | Yes | England | Birth registry at Southampton Hospital | 2003–2017 | 15,940 | First two consecutive singleton live-birth pregnancies | Weight recorded at first antenatal visit; height self-reported | ± 1 BMI unit | LGA: >90th percentile for GA | Baseline BMI, maternal age, education level, infertility treatment, smoking status, employment status, GDM in current pregnancy and interpregnancy interval |