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Table 4 Study factors and postnatal depressive symptoms (EPDS≥13) in South Western Sydney and Sydney Local Health Districts, 2014–2016 (N = 53, 032)

From: Psychosocial and obstetric determinants of women signalling distress during Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) screening in Sydney, Australia

 

Complete cases

Multiple imputation*

Outcome

Participants

Cases

%

Unadjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Unadjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Adjusted OR (95%CI) (a)

P value

Postnatal depressive symptoms

40,964

2177

3.1

        

Antenatal EPDS

 EPDS 10–12

3378

3378

8.0

4.3 (3.2–4.2)

< 0.001

4.5 (3.4–5.9)

< 0.001

3.2 (2.7–3.8)

< 0.001

3.1 (2.4–4.1)

< 0.001

 EPDS ≥13

2496

2496

5.9

12.0 (10.3–13.9)

< 0.001

13.0 (10.3–16.5)

< 0.001

8.2 (7.0–9.5)

< 0.001

7.9 (6.3–9.9)

< 0.001

Maternal age group

 20–34 years

38,064

1171

3.1

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 > 35 years

2265

99

4.4

1.5 (1.2–1.8)

< 0.001

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

0.059

1.3 (1.1–1.7)

0.004

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

0.169

 < 20 years

634

16

2.5

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

< 0.001

1.0 (0.3–3.2)

0.954

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.658

0.8 (0.2–2.5)

0.684

SES category

 Low

15,329

563

3.7

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Medium

19,597

546

2.8

0.8 (0.7–0.8)

< 0.001

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.632

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

< 0.001

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.661

 High

4844

139

2.9

0.8 (0.6–0.9)

0.008

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.495

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.035

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.895

CALD group

 No

20,898

552

2.6

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

19,342

723

3.7

1.5 (1.3–1.6)

< 0.001

1.6 (1.3–2.0)

< 0.001

1.4 (1.2–1.5)

< 0.001

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

0.002

Supportive partner

 Yes

33,558

946

5.1

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 No

952

86

7.6

3.5 (2.8–4.5)

< 0.001

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

0.017

3.5 (2.8–4.4)

< 0.001

2.0 (1.4–2.8)

< 0.001

Maternal history of childhood abuse

 No

31,832

867

2.7

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

2400

147

6.1

2.4 (2.0–2.9)

< 0.001

1.9 (1.4–2.5)

< 0.001

2.1 (1.8–2.5)

< 0.001

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

< 0.001

Psychological IPV

 No

33,896

990

2.9

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

463

46

9.9

3.7 (2.7–5.1)

< 0.001

1.8 (1.0–3.2)

0.062

3.1 (2.3–4.3)

< 0.001

1.45 (0.8–2.5)

0.180

Physical IPV

 No

34,055

1000

2.9

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

568

46

8.1

3.0 (2.2–4.1)

< 0.001

1.1 (0.6–2.1)

0.667

2.6 (1.9–3.5)

< 0.001

1.0 (0.6–1.8)

0.925

Pregnancy known to FaCS

 No

30,007

849

2.8

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

544

44

8.1

3.1 (2.2–4.2)

< 0.001

1.9 (1.2–3.1)

0.009

2.5 (1.8–3.4)

< 0.001

1.6 (0.1–2.5)

0.053

Previous child in OOHC

 No

21,787

588

2.7

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

750

31

4.1

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

0.020

0.7 (0.5–1.2)

0.242

1.5 (1.0–2.1)

0.043

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.437

Alcohol use in pregnancy

 No

35,181

1065

3.0

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

545

15

2.8

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

0.708

0.7 (0.3–1.8)

0.503

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

0.865

0.8 (0.3–1.8)

0.587

Antenatal health problems

 No

34,167

1024

5.3

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

5783

216

3.7

1.3 (1.1–1.5)

0.002

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.588

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

0.013

1.0 (0.9–1.0)

0.094

Type of delivery

 Normal vaginal

24,921

684

2.7

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Assisted vaginal

4649

161

3.5

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

0.003

1.6 (1.1–2.2)

0.014

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

0.024

1.4 (1.0–1.9)

0.070

 Caesarean section

11,299

440

3.9

1.5 (1.3–1.7)

< 0.001

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

0.002

1.3 (1.2–1.5)

< 0.001

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

0.009

  1. OOHC Out-of-home care, FaCS Family and Community Services, IPV Intimate partner violence