| Complete cases | Multiple imputation* | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Participants | Cases | % | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) (a) | P value |
Postnatal depressive symptoms | 40,964 | 2177 | 3.1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Antenatal EPDS | |||||||||||
 EPDS 10–12 | 3378 | 3378 | 8.0 | 4.3 (3.2–4.2) | < 0.001 | 4.5 (3.4–5.9) | < 0.001 | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | < 0.001 | 3.1 (2.4–4.1) | < 0.001 |
 EPDS ≥13 | 2496 | 2496 | 5.9 | 12.0 (10.3–13.9) | < 0.001 | 13.0 (10.3–16.5) | < 0.001 | 8.2 (7.0–9.5) | < 0.001 | 7.9 (6.3–9.9) | < 0.001 |
Maternal age group | |||||||||||
 20–34 years | 38,064 | 1171 | 3.1 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 > 35 years | 2265 | 99 | 4.4 | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.059 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.004 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 0.169 |
 < 20 years | 634 | 16 | 2.5 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.3–3.2) | 0.954 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.658 | 0.8 (0.2–2.5) | 0.684 |
SES category | |||||||||||
 Low | 15,329 | 563 | 3.7 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Medium | 19,597 | 546 | 2.8 | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.632 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.661 |
 High | 4844 | 139 | 2.9 | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.008 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.495 | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.035 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.895 |
CALD group | |||||||||||
 No | 20,898 | 552 | 2.6 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 19,342 | 723 | 3.7 | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.002 |
Supportive partner | |||||||||||
 Yes | 33,558 | 946 | 5.1 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 No | 952 | 86 | 7.6 | 3.5 (2.8–4.5) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 0.017 | 3.5 (2.8–4.4) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.4–2.8) | < 0.001 |
Maternal history of childhood abuse | |||||||||||
 No | 31,832 | 867 | 2.7 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 2400 | 147 | 6.1 | 2.4 (2.0–2.9) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | < 0.001 | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | < 0.001 |
Psychological IPV | |||||||||||
 No | 33,896 | 990 | 2.9 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 463 | 46 | 9.9 | 3.7 (2.7–5.1) | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | 0.062 | 3.1 (2.3–4.3) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (0.8–2.5) | 0.180 |
Physical IPV | |||||||||||
 No | 34,055 | 1000 | 2.9 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 568 | 46 | 8.1 | 3.0 (2.2–4.1) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.667 | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.925 |
Pregnancy known to FaCS | |||||||||||
 No | 30,007 | 849 | 2.8 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 544 | 44 | 8.1 | 3.1 (2.2–4.2) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 0.009 | 2.5 (1.8–3.4) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (0.1–2.5) | 0.053 |
Previous child in OOHC | |||||||||||
 No | 21,787 | 588 | 2.7 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 750 | 31 | 4.1 | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 0.020 | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.242 | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 0.043 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.437 |
Alcohol use in pregnancy | |||||||||||
 No | 35,181 | 1065 | 3.0 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 545 | 15 | 2.8 | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.708 | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 0.503 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.865 | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 0.587 |
Antenatal health problems | |||||||||||
 No | 34,167 | 1024 | 5.3 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 5783 | 216 | 3.7 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.002 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.588 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.013 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.094 |
Type of delivery | |||||||||||
 Normal vaginal | 24,921 | 684 | 2.7 | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Assisted vaginal | 4649 | 161 | 3.5 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.003 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.014 | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.024 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 0.070 |
 Caesarean section | 11,299 | 440 | 3.9 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.002 | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.009 |