Psychosocial and obstetric determinants of women signalling distress during Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) screening in Sydney, Australia

Khanlari, Sarah; Eastwood, John; Barnett, Bryanne; Naz, Sabrina; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene

doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2565-3

Table 3 Study factors and postnatal distress (EPDS = 10–12) in South Western Sydney and Sydney Local Health Districts, 2014–2016 (N = 53, 032)

From: Psychosocial and obstetric determinants of women signalling distress during Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) screening in Sydney, Australia

				Complete cases				Multiple imputation*
Outcome	Participants	Cases	%	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI) (a)	P value
Postnatal distress	40,964	2177	5.3
Antenatal EPDS
EPDS 10–12	3378	3378	8.0	3.7 (3.2–4.2)	< 0.001	4.3 (3.5–5.2)	< 0.001	2.9 (2.5–2.3)	< 0.001	3.15 (2.6–3.1)	< 0.001
EPDS ≥13	2496	2496	5.9	4.3 (3.6–5.2)	< 0.001	4.5 (3.4–5.9)	< 0.001	4.0 (3.31–4.3)	< 0.001	4.2 (3.44–5.14)	< 0.001
Maternal age group
20–34 years	38,064	1994	5.2	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
> 35 years	2265	148	6.5	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.005	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	0.057	1.2 (1.0–1.5)	0.015	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.116
< 20 years	634	35	5.5	1.1 (0.7–1.5)	0.778	0.6 (0.2–2.0)	0.435	1.1 (0.7–1.5)	0.784	0.6 (0.2–1.8)	0.380
SES category
Low	15,329	820	5.4	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Medium	19,597	1022	5.2	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.943	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.175	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.729	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.222
High	4844	260	5.4	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.448	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.013	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.795	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	0.033
CALD group
No	20,898	944	4.5	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	19,342	1194	6.2	1.4 (1.3–1.5)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	0.001	1.3 (0.2–1.4)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	0.007
Supportive partner
Yes	33,558	1715	5.1	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
No	952	72	7.6	1.63 (1.3–2.1)	< 0.001	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	0.322	1.6 (1.3–2.1)	< 0.001	1.0 (0.6–1.4)	0.838
Maternal history of childhood abuse
No	31,832	1573	4.9	1.0		1.0
Yes	2400	183	7.6	1.7 (1.4–1.9)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.013	1.5 (1.3–1.8)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.0–1.6)	0.054
Psychological IPV
No	33,896	1741	5.1	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	463	29	6.3	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.134	1.0 (0.5–2.0)	0.913	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	0.197	0.8 (0.5–1.6)	0.583
Physical IPV
No	34,055	1735	5.1	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	568	45	7.9	1.7 (1.2–2.3)	< 0.001	1.2 (0.6–2.1)	0.624	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	0.003	1.3 (0.8–2.2)	0.342
Pregnancy known to FaCS
No	30,007	1501	5.0	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	544	32	5.9	1.3 (0.9–1.8)	0.211	1.5 (0.9–2.4)	0.121	1.2 (0.9–1.7)	0.286	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	0.186
Previous child in OOHC
No	21,787	1023	4.7	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	750	32	4.3	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	0.644	0.6 (0.4–1.0)	0.039	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.920	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	0.220
Alcohol use in pregnancy
No	35,181	1832	5.2	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	545	28	5.1	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.930	0.9 (0.5–1.7)	0.681	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.986	1.1 (0.6–1.8)	0.814
Antenatal health problems
No	34,167	1802	5.3	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	5783	322	5.6	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	0.293	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	0.907	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.433	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.116
Type of delivery
Normal vaginal	24,921	1157	4.6	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Assisted vaginal	4649	316	6.8	1.5 (1.3–1.7)	< 0.001	1.6 (1.3–2.1)	< 0.001	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	< 0.001	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	< 0.001
Caesarean section	11,299	695	6.2	1.4 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.360	1.3 (1.2–1.4)	0.024	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.435

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