Table 1 Sample Characteristics (N = 1848)
From: Adverse childhood experiences and poor birth outcomes in a diverse, low-income sample
Study Measures | Mean (SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | |
Age | 25.5 (5.9) |
Any postsecondary education | 549 (29.7) |
Race/Ethnicity | |
American Indian | 131 (7.1) |
Caucasian | 760 (41.1) |
African American | 444 (24.0) |
Hispanic | 428 (23.2) |
Other race/ethnicity | 91 (4.9) |
Adverse Childhood Experiences | |
Total ACE score | 3.2 (2.6) |
0 ACEs | 288 (15.6%) |
1 or 2 ACEs | 557 (30.1%) |
3 or 4 ACEs | 453 (24.5%) |
5 or more ACEs | 550 (29.8%) |
Outcomes | |
Any pregnancy loss | 505 (27.3%) |
Any preterm birth (> 3 weeks early) | 270 (14.8%) |
Any low birthweight (< 5.5 pounds) | 220 (12.0%) |