Table 2 Obstetric risk factors associated with Caesarean section with and without onset of labor compared with vaginal delivery
Risk Factor | CS with onset of labor | CS without onset of labor (pre-labor) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | AOR (95%CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
Maternal age at delivery | ||||
Less than 21 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
21–34 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | 1.63 (1.1–2.3) |
35 and above | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 2.1 (1.3–4.0) | 2.7 (2.0–3.7) | 3.9 (2.3–6.5) |
Gestational age | ||||
< 37 weeks | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
≥ 37 weeks | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 1.05 (0.71–1.56) |
Parity and previous CS | ||||
Nulliparous | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Multiparous with previous CS | 30.6 (21.7–43.2) | 13.3 (8.4–20.9) | 32.7 (23.0–46.4) | 36.5 (24.2–55.2) |
Multiparous without previous CS | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) |
Multiple Gestation | ||||
Singleton | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 2.1 (1.0–4.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 2.1 (1.1–4.15) |
Multiple | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Fetal Presentation | ||||
Cephalic | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Other | 4.0 (2.7–5.8) | 8.5 (4.7–15.5) | 3.2 (2.3–4.6) | 10.7 (6.1–18.7) |
Eclampsia | ||||
Yes | 4.0 (1.9–8.6) | 5.5 (1.9–15.4) | 11.9 (6.0–23.7) | 24.1 (10.1–57.6) |
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Oxytocin use | ||||
Yes | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.1 (0.06–0.12) | – | – |
No | Ref | Ref | ||
Partograph | ||||
Yes | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | – | – |
No | Ref | Ref | ||