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Table 1 The description of characteristics by VSD vs. Controls (N, %)

From: Associations between maternal social support and stressful life event with ventricular septal defect in offspring: a case-control study

 

Before Propensity Score Matching

After Propensity Score Matching

Controls (n = 262)

Cases (n = 202)

p value

Controls (n = 168)

Cases (n = 202)

p value

Demographic and obstetric characteristics

Maternal ethnic

  

0.838

  

0.759

 Han

254, 97.3

194, 97.0

 

162, 96.4

194, 97.0

 

 Other

7, 2.7

6, 3.0

 

6, 3.6

6, 3.0

 

Maternal age at delivery

  

0.915

  

0.612

 < 35 years old

235, 91.1

180, 91.4

 

155, 92.8

180, 91.4

 

 ≥35 years old

23, 8.9

17, 8.6

 

12, 7.5

17, 8.6

 

Maternal education

  

0.470

  

0.833

 Middle school and below

57, 22.1

53, 26.8

 

44, 26.7

53, 26.8

 

 High school

46, 17.8

36, 18.2

 

34, 20.6

36, 18.2

 

 College and above

155, 60.1

109, 55.1

 

87, 52.7

109, 55.1

 

Marital status

  

0.427

  

0.296

 Married

254, 98.1

196, 99.0

 

162, 97.6

196, 99.0

 

 Unmarried/divorced/widowed

5, 1.9

2, 1.0

 

4, 2.4

2, 1.0

 

Residence

  

0.000

  

0.537

 Urban

163, 62.9

86, 43.2

 

78, 46.4

86, 43.2

 

 Suburban /rural

96, 37.1

113, 56.8

 

90, 53.6

113, 56.8

 

Maternal prepregnancy obesity

  

0.285

  

0.535

 Yes

8, 3.3

3, 1.6

 

4, 2.6

3, 1.6

 

 No

237, 96.7

182, 98.4

 

151, 97.4

182, 98.4

 

Multiple births

  

0.485

  

0.394

 Yes

22, 8.5

13, 6.6

 

15, 9.0

13, 6.6

 

 No

238, 91.5

184, 93.4

 

152, 91.0

184, 93.4

 

Infant gender

  

0.001

  

0.704

 Male

168, 64.1

97, 48.0

 

84, 50.0

97, 48.0

 

 Female

94, 35.9

105, 52.0

 

84, 50.0

105, 52.0

 

Family history of CHD

  

0.074

  

0.528

 Yes

6, 2.3

11, 5.6

 

5, 3.0

4, 2.0

 

 No

250, 97.7

187, 94.4

 

160, 97.0

196, 98.0

 

Maternal health indicators and behaviors

   

Smoking/drinking

  

0.823

  

0.948

 Yes

21, 8.9

16, 8.3

 

13, 7.7

16, 7.9

 

 No

215, 91.1

177, 91.7

 

155, 92.3

186, 92.1

 

Diabetes/hypertension

  

0.710

  

0.438

 Yes

33, 12.9

44, 22.7

 

15, 8.9

23, 11.4

 

 No

222, 87.1

150, 77.3

 

153, 91.1

179, 88.6

 

Folic acid supplementation

  

0.044

  

0.083

 Yes

222, 84.7

204, 77.9

 

142, 84.5

150, 77.3

 

 No

40, 15.3

58, 22.1

 

26, 15.5

44, 22.7

 
  1. VSD Ventricular septal defect