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Table 1 Background characteristics of study participants by study site
| Hospital Attended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Characteristics | Upper West Regional Hospital | St Joseph’s Hospital | Total | P-Value |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Number of Antenatal patients | 206 (49.5) | 210 (50.5) | 416 (100) | |
| Age of Pregnant woman in years | 0.831 | |||
| 19 and below | 27 (13.1) | 22 (10.5) | 49 (11.8) | |
| 20–24 | 45 (21.8) | 43 (20.5) | 88 (21.2) | |
| 25–29 | 65 (31.6) | 68 (32.4) | 133 (32.0) | |
| 30–34 | 42 (20.4) | 51 (24.3) | 93 (22.4) | |
| 35 and above | 27 (13.1) | 26 (12.4) | 53 (12.7) | |
| Highest Level of formal Education | 0.001 | |||
| No formal Education | 21 (10.2) | 53,925.6) | 74 (18.0) | |
| Primary School | 18 (8.8) | 30 (14.5) | 48 (11.6) | |
| Junior Secondary School | 12 (5.9) | 37 (17.9) | 49 (11.9) | |
| Senior Secondary School | 40 (19.5) | 23 (11.1) | 63 (15.3) | |
| Vocational / Technical | 24 (11.7) | 4 (1.9) | 28 (6.8) | |
| Tertiary | 90 (43.9) | 59 (28.0) | 148 (35.9) | |
| Occupation | 0.004 | |||
| Unemployed | 43 (20.9) | 43 (20.7) | 86 (20.7) | |
| Trader | 32 (15.5) | 21 (10.1) | 53 (12.8) | |
| Artisan | 31 (15.1) | 36 (17.3) | 67 (16.2) | |
| Professional | 80 (38.8) | 52 (25.0) | 132 (31.9) | |
| Student | 13 (6.3) | 24 (11.5) | 37 (8.9) | |
| Other | 7 (3.4) | 32 (15.4) | 39 (9.4) | |
| Religion | 0.001 | |||
| Christianity | 119 (57.8) | 180 (86.5) | 299 (72.2) | |
| Islam | 84 (40.8) | 13 (6.3) | 97 (23.4) | |
| Traditional | 3 (1.5) | 14 96.7) | 17 (4.1) | |
| Others | – | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Marital Status | 0.001 | |||
| Never Married | 37 (18.5) | 7 (3.4) | 44 (10.8) | |
| Currently Married | 106 (53.0) | 188 (90.8) | 294 (72.2) | |
| Co-habiting | 48 (24.0) | 11 (5.3) | 59 (14.5) | |
| Widowed | 4 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1.2) | |
| Separated | 5 (2.5) | – | 5 (1.2) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.001 | |||
| Akan | 24 (11.8) | 10 (4.8) | 34 (8.2) | |
| Ga/ Dangme | 8 (3.9) | 1 (0.5) | 9 (2.2) | |
| Ewe | 16 (7.8) | – | 16 (3.9) | |
| Northern ethnic groups | 149 (73.0) | 196 (93.3) | 345 (83.3) | |
| Non-Ghanaians | 7 (3.4) | 1 (0.5) | 8 (1.9) | |
| Others | – | 2 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | |
