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Table 4 Associations between prenatal negative life events (NLEs) and adverse birth outcomes stratified by sex: Logistic regressiona

From: Prenatal maternal stress and birth outcomes in rural Ghana: sex-specific associations

NLEs

All Infants

Girlsb

Boysb

p-interaction

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Outcome: Low birth weight (LBW)c

 0-2

Ref

NA

Ref

NA

Ref

NA

0.07

  > 2

2.11

0.89-5.02

4.44

1.11-17.76

0.85

0.25-2.92

 

Outcome: Small for gestational age (SGA)d

 0-2

Ref

NA

Ref

NA

Ref

NA

0.03

  > 2

1.42

0.73-2.76

2.37

0.97-5.79

0.61

0.20-1.81

 

Outcome: Any adverse birth outcomee

 0-2

Ref

NA

Ref

NA

Ref

NA

0.04

  > 2

1.48

0.80-2.78

2.41

1.01-5.75

0.81

0.31-2.15

 
  1. a Multivariable model adjusted for [infant sex,] cluster, ethnicity, maternal marriage status, age, weight and height; and family home ownership
  2. b LBW with NLE > 2: Girls N = 24, Boys N = 13; SGA with NLE > 2: Girls N = 38, Boys N = 16; Any adverse birth outcome with NLE > 2: Girls N = 41, Boys N = 22
  3. c LBW defined as birth weight < 2500 g
  4. d SGA defined as birth weight < 10th percentile for gestational age
  5. e Any adverse birth outcome defined as an LBW, SGA, or stillborn infant
  6. Text in bold have odds ratios significantly different from 1