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Table 5 Place and timing of maternal/newborn PNC among rural women receiving PNC in Malawi, Malawi DHS 2015–16

From: Availability of health facilities and utilization of maternal and newborn postnatal care in rural Malawi

  

Place of Delivery

Total

Home

Health Facility

n

%

n

%

n

%

Place of Maternal PNC

***

 Home

151

6.4%

46

29.5%

105

4.7%

 Health Facility

2229

93.7%

110

70.5%

2119

95.3%

Timing of Maternal PNC

***

 Within 24 h

329

14.0%

106

70.6%

223

10.1%

 24 h to Day 3

142

6.0%

13

8.4%

129

5.9%

 Day 3 to Week 1

1361

57.9%

14

9.4%

1347

61.2%

 After Week 1

520

22.1%

17

11.6%

502

22.8%

Place of Newborn PNC

***

 Home

221

4.7%

54

15.6%

167

3.8%

 Health Facility

4505

95.3%

294

84.4%

4211

96.2%

Timing of Newborn PNC

***

 Within 24 h

301

6.4%

108

31.1%

192

4.4%

 24 h to Day 3

162

3.5%

26

7.6%

136

3.1%

 Day 3 to Week 1

2462

52.3%

67

19.4%

2395

55.0%

 After Week 1

1779

37.8%

146

41.9%

1634

37.5%

  1. Note.
  2. *p <0.05 **p <0.01 ***p <0.001
  3. Total number of women who delivered at the health facility is 10,266; Number of observations for maternal outcomes is 10,083; Number of observations for newborn outcomes is 10,029
  4. The outcomes were Maternal PNC between day 1 and day 7 or Newborn PNC between day 1 and day 7 in two separate GEE models
  5. The main predictors (separate binary indicators) in the GEE models were whether or not there was: a clinic-level facility providing PNC within 5 km; a health center providing PNC within 5 km; a hospital providing PNC within 5 km; a clinic-level facility providing PNC between 5 km and 10 km; a health center providing PNC between 5 km and 10 km; a hospital providing PNC between 5 km and 10 km; a clinic-level facility providing PNC between 10 km and 15 km; a health center providing PNC between 10 km and 15 km; a hospital providing PNC between 10 km and 15 km
  6. Covariates included in the GEE models were season in which women gave birth, ownership of TV or radio, whether cost of treatment is a perceived problem, women's age, women's education, women's employment, household wealth, number of births, newborn size, newborn sex, religion, region, cesarean section and whether or not the mother or the newborn (depending on the outcome) was checked before discharge from facility