Fig. 1

Sample inclusion and exclusion process. a The 1927 women could not remember the times of ANC when they were asked “How many times have you used ANC during your first pregnancy?”. b The 159 women did not have information on key variables
Sample inclusion and exclusion process. a The 1927 women could not remember the times of ANC when they were asked “How many times have you used ANC during your first pregnancy?”. b The 159 women did not have information on key variables