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Table 6 Impact of “breast milk antibiotic residues” and “any history of maternal antibiotic usage during early postpartum period” on the maternal BMI change after birth and infant WAZ and HCZ values on admission, multivariate analysis

From: Unexpected drug residuals in human milk in Ankara, capital of Turkey

Breast milk residue

Maternal antibiotic usage during postpartum period

Overall

P for residue

P for maternal self-use

Interaction between residue and self-use

 

Absence

Presence

Maternal BMI change after birtha

 Polymyxin

−2.53 ± 0.40

−0.15 ± 0.48

−1.34 ± 0.30

0.764

0.004

0.962

 Polymyxin

+

−2.81 ± 1.08

−0.36 ± 1.09

−1.59 ± 0.77

   

Overall

 

−2.67 ± 0.57

−0.26 ± 0.59

    

Infant’s WAZb

 Polymyxin

−0.20 ± 0.15

0.18 ± 0.17

−0.01 ± 0.11

0.525

0.176

0.920

 Polymyxin

+

−0.42 ± 0.39

0.02 ± 0.39

−0.20 ± 0.27

   

 Overall

 

−0.31 ± 0.21

0.10 ± 0.21

    

Maternal BMI change (kg/m2) after birtha

 Aminoglycoside

−2.72 ± 0.45

−0.39 ± 0.53

−1.55 ± 0.34

0.364

< 0.001

0.889

 Aminoglycoside

+

−2.23 ± 0.67

0.27 ± 0.79

−0.98 ± 0.52

   

 Overall

 

−2.47 ± 0.40

−0.06 ± 0.47

    

Infant’s WAZb

 Aminoglycoside

−0.17 ± 0.16

0.17 ± 0.20

0.00 ± 0.13

0.585

0.067

0.751

 Aminoglycoside

+

−0.36 ± 0.25

0.12 ± 0.25

−0.12 ± 0.18

   

 Overall

 

−0.26 ± 0.15

0.15 ± 0.16

    
  1. Values were mean ± standart error of mean
  2. a Analysed with general linear models adjusted for maternal age, smoke exposure, gestational length, birth type, maternal BMI at birth, maternal disease, breastfeeding type, infant age
  3. b Exclusive breast fed infants were enrolled and analysed with general linear models adjusted for maternal age, maternal disease, smoke exposure, gestational length, birth type, infant’s WAZ at birth, infant age