Table 4 Maternal-infant characteristics according to the presence of aminoglycoside drug residues in breast milk
From: Unexpected drug residuals in human milk in Ankara, capital of Turkey
Aminoglycoside residues | Polymixin residues | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | Negative (n = 62) | Positive (n = 28) | P | Negative (n = 78) | Positive (n = 12) | p |
Age, yrs | 32.0 ± 4.4 | 30.5 ± 3.6 | 0.132 | 31.7 ± 4.3 | 30.2 ± 3.9 | 0.255 |
Education> 12 yrs | 69.3 | 71.2 | 0.842 | 71.8 | 58.3 | 0.335 |
Working mothers | 30.6 | 25.0 | 0.584 | 29.5 | 25.0 | 1.000 |
NSAID use during postpartum period | 59.7 | 39.3 | 0.073 | 56.4 | 33.3 | 0.136 |
Antibiotic drug use during postpartum period | 41.9 | 42.9 | 0.935 | 41.0 | 50.0 | 0.558 |
Vitamin/mineral use during postpartum period | 40.3 | 50.0 | 0.391 | 41.0 | 58.3 | 0.260 |
Any drug use during postpartum period | 82.3 | 85.7 | 0.769 | 83.3 | 83.3 | 1.000 |
Maternal cigarette exposure, active or passive | 38.7 | 46.4 | 0.491 | 42.3 | 33.3 | 0.755 |
EPDS on admission ≥13 | 14.5 | 21.4 | 0.542 | 17.9 | 8.3 | 0.682 |
EPDS on admission | 6.87 ± 4.65 | 8.21 ± 6.42 | 0.265 | 7.60 ± 5.33 | 5.25 ± 4.49 | 0.151 |
Maternal BMI at birth, kg/m2 | 28.0 ± 4.8 | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 0.420 | 27.8 ± 4.6 | 27.7 ± 3.7 | 0.945 |
Maternal BMI at visit, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 4.4 | 26.2 ± 3.7 | 0.993 | 26.3 ± 4.3 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 0.739 |
Infant characteristics | ||||||
Age, day | 59.0 ± 18.1 | 55.1 ± 18.2 | 0.346 | 58.1 ± 18.4 | 56.0 ± 16.8 | 0.706 |
Infant age < 60 days | 33.9 | 46.4 | 0.255 | 37.2 | 41.7 | 0.765 |
Male sex | 40.3 | 46.4 | 0.587 | 41.0 | 50.0 | 0.558 |
Delivery, Cesarean section | 72.6 | 60.7 | 0.260 | 67.9 | 75.0 | 0.747 |
Birth order> 1 | 48.4 | 42.9 | 0.626 | 48.7 | 33.3 | 0.320 |
Gestation lenght < 38 weeks | 33.9 | 25.0 | 0.400 | 32.1 | 25.0 | 0.747 |
Gestational lenght, weeks | 38.0 ± 1.3 | 38.6 ± 1.5 | 0.056* | 38.1 ± 1.4 | 38.6 ± 1.2 | 0.254 |
Birthweight, WAZ | −0.35 ± 1.06 | −0.19 ± 1.04 | 0.494 | −0.32 ± 10.2 | −0.23 ± 1.26 | 0.794 |
Intensive care requirement | 17.7 | 28.6 | 0.244 | 19.2 | 33.3 | 0.271 |
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia | 38.7 | 35.7 | 0.786 | 38.5 | 33.3 | 1.000 |
Any underlying disease | 16.1 | 28.6 | 0.170 | 35.9 | 25.0 | 0.534 |
Sleep disorder | 30.6 | 28.6 | 0.842 | 29.5 | 33.3 | 0.747 |
Excessive crying > 2 h | 14.5 | 14.3 | 0.977 | 15.4 | 8.3 | 1.000 |
Inconsolable crying | 9.7 | 3.6 | 0.428 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 0.587 |
Breastfeeding problem | 32.3 | 39.3 | 0.516 | 33.3 | 41.6 | 0.745 |
Exclusive breastfeeding | 77.4 | 85.7 | 0.362 | 79.5 | 83.3 | 1.000 |
WAZ score on admission | −0.3 ± 1.3 | − 0.2 ± 1.2 | 0.916 | − 0.2 ± 1.3 | − 0.3 ± 1.0 | 0.914 |
HCZ score on admission | 0.02 ± 1.3 | −0.3 ± 1.4 | 0.251 | 0.01 ± 1.4 | −0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.092 |