From: Unexpected drug residuals in human milk in Ankara, capital of Turkey
Anti-inflammatory drug residues | |||
---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | Negative (n = 63) | Positive (n = 27) | P |
Maternal age, yrs | 31.4 ± 4.4 | 31.5 ± 4.0 | 0.940 |
Maternal education> 12 yrs | 73.0 | 63.0 | 0.340 |
Working in a revenue-generating business | 25.4 | 37.0 | 0.264 |
Anti-inflammatory drug use during breastfeeding period | 57.1 | 44.4 | 0.268 |
Antibiotic drug use during breastfeeding period | 41.3 | 44.4 | 0.780 |
Vitamin / mineral use during breastfeeding period | 41.3 | 48.1 | 0.546 |
Any drug use during breastfeeding period | 84.1 | 81.5 | 0.764 |
Maternal cigarette contact, active or passive | 38.1 | 48.1 | 0.374 |
Edinburgh postpartum depression score ≥ 13 | 14.3 | 22.2 | 0.368 |
7.13 ± 4.98 | 7.67 ± 5.95 | 0.658 | |
Mother BMI (kg/m2) at delivery | 27.9 ± 4.4 | 27.5 ± 4.8 | 0.758 |
Mother BMI (kg/m2) on admission | 25.8 ± 3.6 | 27.1 ± 5.2 | 0.203 |
Infant characteristics | |||
Infant age, days | 57.6 ± 17.8 | 58.3 ± 19.1 | 0.867 |
Infant age < 60 days | 39.7 | 33.3 | 0.569 |
Male sex | 41.3 | 44.4 | 0.780 |
Delivery type, cesarean section | 71.4 | 62.9 | 0.427 |
Birth order> 1 | 46.6 | 48.1 | 0.854 |
Gestation time < 38 weeks | 27.0 | 40.7 | 0.196 |
Gestation time, weeks | 38.2 ± 1.3 | 38.1 ± 1.5 | 0.974 |
Birthweight, WAZ | −0.32 ± 0.85 | −0.27 ± 1.41 | 0.857 |
Intensive care requirement | 17.5 | 29.6 | 0.195 |
Hyperbilirubinemia | 31.7 | 51.9 | 0.071 |
Any underlying disease | 22.2 | 14.8 | 0.421 |
Sleep disorder | 27.0 | 37.0 | 0.340 |
Excessive crying > 2 h | 15.9 | 11.1 | 0.556 |
Inconsolable crying | 9.5 | 3.7 | 0.670 |
Breastfeeding problem | 28.6 | 48.1 | 0.073 |
Exclusive breastfeeding | 77.8 | 85.2 | 0.421 |
WAZ score on admission | −0.4 ± 1.2 | 0.1 ± ±1.4 | 0.106 |
HCZ score on admission | −0.2 ± 1.3 | 0.1 ± 1.4 | 0.316 |