From: Double- versus single-balloon catheters for labour induction and cervical ripening: a meta-analysis
Outcomes* | Number of studies analysed | Interventions | Effect measure |
Pooled effect (95% CI) | Q p-value | I2- statistic | p-value | Sensitivity analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Double | Single | ||||||||
caesarean delivery | 5 [15,17-18,20–21] | 294 | 301 | RR | 0.86 [0.56, 1.33] | 0.02 | 65% | 0.50 | stable |
placement difficulty/failure | 2 [15,18] | 146 | 149 | RR | 0.72 [0.15, 3.55] | 0.57 | 0 | 0.69 | – |
spontaneous expulsion | 1 [15] | 39 | 39 | RR | 0.88 [0.70, 1.10] | – | – | 0.27 | – |
insertion to delivery intervalA | 4 [15,17-18,20] | 249 | 251 | MD | 0.88 [− 0.43, 2.18] | 0.59 | 0 | 0.19 | stable |
0.43 [−0.84, 1.71] | 0.26 | 26% | 0.50 | stable | |||||
insertion to expulsion/removal interval | 2 [15,17] | 64 | 64 | MD | 0.88 [−0.00, 1.76] | 0.38 | 0 | 0.05 | – |
expulsion to delivery interval | 1 [21] | 45 | 50 | MD | −8.00 [−16.35, 0.35] | – | – | 0.06 | – |
Bishop score incrementC | 3 [15,17,21] | 109 | 114 | MD | 1.08 [0.38, 1.78] | 0.11 | 56% | 0.002 | Unstable I |
vaginal delivery within 24 h | 3 [17–18,20] | 210 | 212 | RR | 0.91 [0.75, 1.10] | 0.19 | 40% | 0.33 | stable |
normal vaginal deliveryD | 4 [15,17-18,20] | 249 | 251 | RR | 1.00 [0.78, 1.29] | 0.17 | 58% | 0.98 | Unstable II |
assisted vaginal deliveryD | 2 [18,20] | 185 | 187 | RR | 1.02 [0.65, 1.59] | 0.56 | 0 | 0.94 | – |
analgesia usage | 2 [18,20] | 185 | 187 | RR | 1.06 [0.95, 1.19] | 0.32 | 1% | 0.28 | – |
maternal adverse events | |||||||||
maternal infection | 3 [18,20–21] | 230 | 237 | RR | 1.16 [0.69, 1.95] | 0.27 | 24% | 0.58 | stable |
postpartum haemorrhage | 2 [15,18] | 146 | 149 | RR | 1.00 [0.72, 1.40] | 0.49 | 0 | 0.98 | – |
neonatal adverse events | |||||||||
low Apgar score (< 7 at 5 min)E | 2 [18,20] | 185 | 187 | RR | 0.21 [0.01, 4.23] | – | – | 0.31 | – |
NICU admission | 1 [18] | 107 | 110 | RR | 0.74 [0.45, 1.22] | – | – | 0.24 | – |
satisfactionF | |||||||||
pain during the process | 1 [15] | 39 | 39 | MD | −0.40 [−1.69, 0.89] | – | – | 0.54 | – |
maternal total satisfaction | 1 [15] | 39 | 39 | MD | 0.47 [−0.42, 1.36] | – | – | 0.30 | – |