From: Double- versus single-balloon catheters for labour induction and cervical ripening: a meta-analysis
Outcomes | Number of studies analysed | Interventions | Effect measure | Pooled effect (95% CI) | Q p-value | I2- statistic | p-value | Sensitivity analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Double | Single | ||||||||
placement difficulty/failure | 4 [15–16,18,20] | 382 | 384 | RR | 1.34 [0.66, 2.71] | 0.55 | 0 | 0.42 | stable |
spontaneous expulsion | 4 [15,17,19–20] | 337 | 332 | RR | 0.86 [0.60, 1.23] | 0.0002 | 85% | 0.40 | stable |
insertion to delivery intervalA | 6 [15–20] | 532 | 532 | MD | 0.98 [− 0.03, 2.00] | 0.16 | 36% | 0.06 | Unstable I |
1.36 [−0.63, 3.34] | 0.02 | 61% | 0.18 | Unstable II | |||||
insertion to expulsion/removal intervalB | 4 [15,17,19–20] | 278 | 267 | MD | 1.72 [−0.35, 3.79] | < 0.00001 | 93% | 0.10 | Unstable III |
expulsion to delivery interval | 2 [19,21] | 145 | 150 | MD | −2.81 [−10.82, 5.19] | 0.06 | 72% | 0.49 | – |
Bishop score incrementC | 5 [15,17,19–21] | 382 | 382 | MD | 0.57 [0.28, 0.86] | 0.30 | 18% | 0.0001 | stable |
vaginal delivery within 24 h | 3 [17–18,20] | 305 | 303 | RR | 0.95 [0.72, 1.26] | 0.11 | 54% | 0.74 | Unstable IV |
normal vaginal deliveryD | 6 [15–20] | 532 | 532 | RR | 1.02 [0.86, 1.20] | 0.03 | 59% | 0.84 | Unstable V |
assisted vaginal deliveryD | 4 [16,18–20] | 443 | 445 | RR | 1.08 [0.84, 1.41] | 0.48 | 0 | 0.54 | stable |
analgesia usage | 4 [17–20] | 405 | 403 | RR | 1.07 [0.99, 1.16] | 0.72 | 0 | 0.10 | stable |
maternal adverse events | |||||||||
 maternal infection | 5 [17–21] | 450 | 453 | RR | 1.04 [0.66, 1.66] | 0.38 | 5% | 0.85 | stable |
 postpartum haemorrhage | 3 [15,18–19] | 246 | 249 | RR | 1.03 [0.74, 1.42] | 0.73 | 0 | 0.88 | stable |
neonatal adverse events | |||||||||
 low Apgar score (< 7 at 5 min)E | 3 [17–18,20] | 305 | 303 | RR | 0.53 [0.15, 1.88] | 0.46 | 0 | 0.32 | – |
 NICU admission | 3 [17–18,20] | 305 | 303 | RR | 0.70 [0.45, 1.07 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.10 | stable |
length of hospitalisation | 2 [19–20] | 248 | 245 | MD | 0.16 [−0.10, 0.41] | 0.28 | 15% | 0.22 | – |
satisfactionF | |||||||||
 pain during the process | 2 [15,19] | 139 | 139 | MD | 0.07 [−0.53, 0.67] | 0.42 | 0 | 0.82 | – |
 maternal total satisfaction | 2 [15,19] | 139 | 139 | MD | −0.10 [−1.25, 1.04] | 0.08 | 68% | 0.86 | – |