Table 3 Risk factors for BV
| Â | BV Status | OR (Unadjusted) | P-value | AOR (Adjusted) | P-value for AOR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n (%) | No n (%) | |||||
Age group | ||||||
 < 19 | 36 (46.2) | 42 (53.8) | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 20–34 | 128 (30.3) | 294 (69.7) | 0.51 (0.31–0.83) | 0.007 | 0.93 (0.51–1.68) | 0.802 |
 35+ | 18 (20.2) | 71 (79.8) | 0.30 (0.14–0.59) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.42–2.43) | 0.969 |
Marital Status | ||||||
 Married | 103 (25.5) | 301 (74.5) | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Single | 45 (46.4) | 52 (53.6) | 2.53 (1.60–4.00) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (0.94–2.71) | 0.083 |
 Cohabiting | 34 (38.6) | 54 (61.4) | 1.84 (1.13–2.99) | 0.014 | 1.41 (0.84–2.35) | 0.189 |
Religion | ||||||
 Christians | 127 (32.7) | 261 (67.3) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Muslim | 48 (26.0) | 137 (74.0) | 0.72 (0.48–1.06) | 0.100 | – | – |
 Others | 7 (43.7) | 9 (56.3) | 1.60 (0.58–4.39) | 0.363 | – | – |
Education | ||||||
 No education | 52 (24.6) | 159 (75.4) | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Primary & JHS | 110 (35.6) | 199 (64.4) | 1.69 (1.14–2.50) | 0.008 | 1.17 (0.76–1.79) | 0.473 |
 > SHS | 20 (71.0) | 49 (29.0) | 1.24 (0.68–2.29) | 0.474 | 0.80 (0.41–1.55) | 0.503 |
Occupation | ||||||
 Unemployed | 84 (37.7) | 139 (62.3) | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Employed | 98 (26.8) | 268 (73.2) | 1.65 (1.16–2.36) | 0.006 | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 0.940 |
Trimester | ||||||
 First | 31 (37.3) | 52 (62.7) | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 Second | 104 (32.9) | 212 (67.1) | 0.82 (0.50–1.36) | 0.447 | 0.80 (0.47–1.34) | 0.395 |
 Third | 47 (24.7) | 143 (75.3) | 0.55 (0.32–0.96) | 0.035 | 0.54 (0.30–0.96) | 0.035 |
Gravidae | ||||||
 Primigravidae | 64 (44.4) | 80 (55.6) | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 2–4 gravidae | 99 (31.5) | 215 (68.5) | 0.58 (0.38–0.86) | 0.008 | 0.67 (0.41–1.10) | 0.114 |
 5 gravidae | 19 (14.5) | 112 (85.5) | 0.21 (0.12–0.38) | < 0.001 | 0.27 (0.13–0.58) | 0.001 |
History of spontaneous abortion | ||||||
 No | 158 (32.2) | 333 (67.8) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Yes | 24 (24.5) | 74 (75.5) | 0.68 (0.42–1.12) | 0.134 | – | – |
Contraceptive use before present Pregnancy | ||||||
 No | 139 (32.9) | 283 (67.1) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Yes | 43 (25.7) | 124 (74.3) | 0.71 (0.47–1.06) | 0.090 | – | – |
Douche | ||||||
 No | 119 (32.1) | 252 (67.9) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Yes | 63 (28.9) | 155 (71.1) | 0.86 (0.60–1.24) | 0.421 | – | – |
Antibiotic use | ||||||
 No | 171 (30.4) | 392 (69.6) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Yes | 11 (42.3) | 15 (57.7) | 1.68 (0.76–3.74) | 0.202 | – | – |
Sex Frequency | ||||||
 < 2 per week | 130 (31.9) | 290 (69.1) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 > 2 per week | 52 (30.8) | 117 (69.2) | 0.99 (0.67–1.46) | 0.965 | – | – |
Trichomoniasis | ||||||
 No | 179 (30.8) | 402 (69.2) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Yes | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | 1.35 (0.32–5.70) | 0.685 | – | – |
Candidiasis | ||||||
 No | 115 (30.7) | 259 (69.3) | 1.0 |  | – |  |
 Yes | 67 (31.2) | 148 (68.8) | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 0.917 | – | – |