Prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy and influence of body fat on development of hyperglycemia in pregnancy among pregnant women in urban areas of Arusha region, Tanzania

Table 6 Odd Ratios of select risk factors for hyperglycemia in pregnancy

Univariate analysis
Risk factors	Crude OR (95%CI)		P-value
Body fat percentage	1.29 (1.21–1.36)		0.000*
MUAC	1.16 (1.09–1.24)		0.000*
BMI	1.01 (0.99–1.03)		0.294
Symptoms of T2DM
No	1
Yes	6.9 (3.7–12.86)		0.000*
Family history of T2DM
No	1
Yes	6.93 (3.99–12.02)		0.000*
Previous delivery of ≥4 kg baby
No	1
Yes	5.9 (3.13–11.03)		0.000*
Preterm delivery
No	1
Yes	1.2 (0.366–3.826)		0.779
Multivariate analysis
Model 1		Model 2
Risk factors	Adjusted OR (95%CI)		Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P-value
Body fat percentage	1.33(CI:1.22–1.44)	0.000*	NA
MUAC	NA		1.2 (CI: 1.09–1.32)	0.000*
Symptoms of T2DM
No	1		1
Yes	2.83(CI: 1.53–6.92)	0.023*	3.66(CI: 1.64–8.18)	0.002*
Family history of T2DM
No	1		1
Yes	6.95(CI: 3.11–15.55)	0.000*	6.04(CI: 3.04–12.01)	0.000*
Previous delivery to ≥4 kg babies
No	1		1
Yes	2.3(CI: 1.00–5.28)	0.049*	3.5(CI: 1.71–7.36)	0.001*

The univariate analysis also included periterm death, maternal age, gestational age, and blood pressure with no significant association with HIP. Multivariate analysis included family history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), previous delivery of ≥4 kg babies, body fat percentage and MUAC in which body fat was replaced by MUAC in model 2.The abbreviation NA means not applicable in the particular model

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