| All | During pregnancy | All | 1 month after childbirth | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 201 | BAC | BC | AC | NU | p value | n = 201 | BAC | BC | AC | NU | p value | |
n = 32 | n = 21 | n = 69 | n = 79 | n = 32 | n = 21 | n = 69 | n = 79 | |||||
Age (years) | 30.9 ± 4.4 | 30.4 ± 4.6 | 31.7 ± 4.5 | 30.5 ± 3.9 | 31.2 ± 4.7 | 0.546 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Height (cm) | 158.5 ± 5.7 | 160.4 ± 6.3 | 158.7 ± 4.8 | 159.0 ± 5.7 | 157.4 ± 5.5 | 0.073 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Weight before pregnancy (kg) | 52.9 ± 7.6 | 54.5 ± 8.8 | 53.5 ± 8.3 | 52.5 ± 6.9 | 52.4 ± 7.4 | 0.542 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Weight [during experimental period] (kg) | 59.9 ± 7.8 | 61.7 ± 7.5 | 60.7 ± 9.7 | 59.8 ± 7.3 | 59.1 ± 7.7 | 0.436 | 56.1 ± 7.6 | 57.7 ± 7.8 | 57.3 ± 9.5 | 56.0 ± 6.9 | 55.2 ± 7.5 | 2.079 |
Number of previous childbirths (number of people (%)) | ||||||||||||
 0 (primiparity) | 83 | 9 (28.1) | 8 (38.1) | 33 (47.8) | 33 (41.8) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 1 | 83 | 18 (56.3) | 6 (28.6) | 27 (39.1) | 32 (40.5) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 2 | 28 | 5 (15.6) | 7 (33.3) | 5 (7.2) | 11 (13.9) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 3 | 5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.8) | 1 (1.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 4 | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 5 | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Average (number) | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.630 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Anterior pelvic width (cm) | 24.9 ± 2.4 | 25.4 ± 2.6 | 24.1 ± 1.9 | 24.8 ± 2.6 | 25.0 ± 2.4 | 0.305 | 23.7 ± 2.6 | 24.5 ± 3.0 | 23.6 ± 2.9 | 23.8 ± 2.5 | 23.4 ± 2.5 | 0.211 |
Anterior pelvic width [divided by height] (cm/m) | 15.7 ± 1.5 | 15.8 ± 1.5 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 15.6 ± 1.5 | 15.9 ± 1.6 | 0.251 | 15.0 ± 1.6 | 15.3 ± 1.9 | 14.9 ± 1.7 | 15.0 ± 1.5 | 14.9 ± 1.6 | 0.608 |
Posterior pelvic width (cm) | 11.6 ± 3.5 | 12.1 ± 3.8 | 10.2 ± 3.4 | 11.6 ± 3.3 | 11.8 ± 3.6 | 0.224 | 11.5 ± 3.7 | 11.9 ± 4.4 | 9.6 ± 2.8 †1 | 12.1 ± 4.2 †1 | 11.2 ± 2.7 | 0.040 |
Posterior pelvic width [divided by height] (cm/m) | 7.3 ± 2.3 | 7.5 ± 2.3 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 7.6 ± 2.5 | 0.193 | 7.2 ± 2.3 | 7.4 ± 2.8 | 6.1 ± 1.7 †2 | 7.6 ± 2.6 †2 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 0.046 |
Pelvic asymmetry (°) | 3.0 ± 3.0 | 4.2 ± 4.3 | 2.9 ± 3.0 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 0.080 | 3.0 ± 3.8 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 4.9 | 2.8 ± 3.5 | 0.062 |
Mode of delivery (number of persons (%)) | ||||||||||||
 Natural childbirth | 157 | 29 (90.6) | 16 (76.2) | 55 (79.7) | 55 (69.6) | 0.107 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Cesarean section | 28 | 3 (9.4) | 3 (14.3) | 10 (14.5) | 14 (17.7) | 0.734 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Forceps delivery | 8 | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (6.3) | 0.438 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Vacuum extraction | 5 | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (3.8) | 0.546 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Epidural | 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.5) | 0.709 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Duration of labor [excluding cesarean section] (minute) | 472.1 ± 377.8 | 489.5 ± 374.1 | 491.9 ± 392.1 | 501.0 ± 432.0 | 433.6 ± 326.6 | 0.779 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Birth weight (kg) | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 0.096 | – | – | – | – | – | – |