From: Are women in Singapore gaining weight appropriately during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Characteristics | Whole cohort (N = 724) | Characteristics | Whole cohort (N = 724) |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | Maternal educational level, n (%) | ||
Maternal age (year), mean (SD) | 30.6 (5.0) | Secondary and below | 164 (22.7) |
Maternal age range (year), n (%) | ITE a | 73 (10.1) | |
< 25 | 77 (10.6) | Junior college/Polytechnic | 211 (29.2) |
25–29 | 235 (32.5) | University and above | 274 (37.9) |
30–34 | 248 (34.3) | Total monthly household income b, n (%) | |
35–40 | 137 (18.9) | ≤ 1300 | 24 (3.3) |
> 40 | 27 (3.7) | 1301–3500 | 227 (31.4) |
Maternal body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.9 (4.6) | 3501–5500 | 218 (30.2) |
Race, n (%) | 5500–8500 | 163 (22.6) | |
Chinese | 378 (52.2) | ≥ 8501 | 90 (12.5) |
Malay | 120 (16.6) | Pre-pregnancy medical conditions | |
Indian | 141 (19.5) | Pre-existing hypertension, n (%) | 9 (1.2) |
Others | 85 (11.7) | Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 12 (1.7) |
Parity, n (%) | Thyroid disease, n (%) | 18 (2.5) | |
0 | 404 (55.8) | Behavioral factors | |
1 | 225 (31.1) | Smoking, n (%) | |
2 or more | 95 (13.1) | Before current pregnancy | 109 (15.1) |
Maternal employment at onset of pregnancy, n (%) | During current pregnancy | 17 (2.4) | |
Employed | 581 (80.3) | Alcohol use, n (%) | |
Unemployed | 143 (19.7) | Before current pregnancy | 219 (30.3) |
Marital status, n (%) | During current pregnancy | 9 (1.2) | |
Married | 674 (93.1) | Exercise, n (%) | |
Single | 46 (6.4) | Before current pregnancy | 341 (47.1) |
Separated/Divorced | 4 (0.5) | During current pregnancy | 61 (8.4) |