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Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for small-for-gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW) at term per interquartile-increase in PM10, stratified by employment status in 824,011 singleton term births in Seoul, Korea for 2002–2012

From: Association between ambient particulate matter concentration and fetal growth restriction stratified by maternal employment

 

District-mean

Seoul-mean

Employed

Non-employed

RERI (95% CI)

Employed

Non-employed

RERI (95% CI)

SGA

 One year before birth

1.01 (0.98, 1.04)

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

-0.02 (− 0.06, 0.01)

0.96 (0.88, 1.05)

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

− 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.00)

 Entire pregnancy

1.01 (0.98, 1.04)

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)

−0.03 (− 0.06, 0.01)

1.02 (0.97, 1.07)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

− 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.01)

 First trimester

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

−0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02)

1.02 (0.99, 1.04)

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.01 (− 0.02, 0.04)

 Second trimester

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

−0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02)

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

0.99 (0.97, 1.00)

−0.03 (− 0.06, 0.00)

 Third trimester

1.00 (0.98, 1.03)

1.01 (1.00, 1.03)

−0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02)

0.99 (0.97, 1.02)

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

−0.03 (− 0.06, 0.00)

LBW

 One year before birth

1.02 (0.94, 1.11)

1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

−0.03 (− 0.12, 0.06)

1.07 (0.83, 1.38)

0.93 (0.81, 1.08)

−0.06 (− 0.15, 0.04)

 Entire pregnancy

1.01 (0.93, 1.10)

1.03 (0.98, 1.08)

−0.03 (− 0.12, 0.06)

1.01 (0.88, 1.15)

0.92 (0.85, 1.00)

−0.01 (− 0.10, 0.08)

 First trimester

1.00 (0.94, 1.07)

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

0.00 (−0.08, 0.08)

0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.04 (−0.04, 0.11)

 Second trimester

0.98 (0.92, 1.05)

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)

0.97 (0.90, 1.05)

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)

0.01 (−0.07, 0.09)

 Third trimester

1.03 (0.96, 1.10)

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

−0.02 (− 0.10, 0.06)

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

1.00 (0.96, 1.05)

−0.01 (− 0.09, 0.07)

  1. RERI Relative excess risk due to interaction. ORs are adjusted for birth date (birth year and month), infant sex, maternal education, maternal age, parity (first childbirth or not), birth season, and gestational age. All ORs and 95% CIs across five antenatal periods were estimated for an interquartile range of PM10 during full year of pregnancy (13.7 μg/m3)