From: Maternal age and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
 | < 17 years (71) | 18–28 years (5714) | 29–39 years (15591) | > 40 years (1552) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labor and delivery | |||||
 Abnormal fetal presentation | 4.23% (3/71) | 4.34% (248/5713) | 5.33% (831/15590) | 6.12% (95/1552) | 4,5 |
 Mode of labor | |||||
 Spontaneous | 71.21% (47/66) | 68.10% (3399/4991) | 63.22% (8478/13411) | 52.95% (726/1371) | 3,4,5,6 |
 Induced/augmented | 19.70% (13/66) | 22.30% (1113/4991) | 21.19% (2842/13411) | 19.69% (270/1371) | 5 |
 Without labor | 9.09% (6/66) | 9.60% (479/4991) | 15.59% (2091/13411) | 27.35% (375/1371) | 3,4,5,6 |
 Childbirth mode | |||||
 Operative vaginal delivery | 5.63% (4/71) | 8.58% (490/5714) | 7.25% (1130/15591) | 5.73% (89/1552) | 4,5,6 |
 Spontaneous delivery | 77.46% (55/71) | 67.12% (3835/5714) | 60.77% (9474/15591) | 48.84% (758/1552) | 2,3,4,5,6 |
 Caesarean section | 16.90% (12/71) | 24.31% (1389/5714) | 31.99% (4987/15591) | 45.43% (705/1552) | 2,3,4,5,6 |
 Caesarean section in labour | 8.33% (5/60) | 14.30% (645/4512) | 16.72% (1893/11320) | 22.09% (220/996) | 3,4,5,6 |
Neonatal charateristics and outcomes | |||||
 RDS prophylaxis | |||||
  Not performed | 97.18% (69/71) | 96.04% (5488/5714) | 96.34% (15020/15591) | 94.33% (1464/1552) | 5,6 |
  Uncompleted | 2.82% (2/71) | 0.88% (50/5714) | 0.66% (103/15591) | 0.84% (13/1552) | 2 |
  Completed | 0.00% (0/71) | 3.08% (176/5714) | 3.00% (468/15591) | 4.83% (75/1552) | 5,6 |
 Neonatal male sex | 49.30% (35/71) | 51.40% (2937/5714) | 50.86% (7930/15591) | 51.29% (796/1552) | NS |
 1st minute Apgar score | 8.00 (8.00–9.00) | 8.00 (8.00–9.00) | 8.00 (8.00–9.00) | 8.00 (8.00–9.00) | NS |
 5th minute Apgar score | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | NS |
 Neonatal congenital malformation | 4.23% (3/71) | 1.38% (79/5714) | 1.50% (234/15591) | 2.06% (32/1552) | 1 |
 RDS | 7.04% (5/71) | 5.71% (326/5714) | 5.71% (890/15591) | 7.80% (121/1552) | 5,6 |
 Retinopathy of prematurity | 1.41% (1/71) | 0.82% (47/5714) | 0.90% (140/15591) | 1.10% (17/1552) | NS |
 3rd 4th degree IVH | 1.41% (1/71) | 0.26% (15/5714) | 0.19% (29/15591) | 0.52% (8/1552) | 2,6 |
 Periventricular leucomalacia | 0.00% (0/71) | 0.16% (9/5714) | 0.08% (12/15591) | 0.32% (5/1552) | 6 |
 NR | 5.63% (4/71) | 3.45% (197/5714) | 3.30% (515/15588) | 4.38% (68/1552) | 6 |
 NICU hospitalization | 0.00% (0/71) | 0.02% (1/5711) | 0.03% (5/15582) | 0.00% (0/1551) | NS |
 Perinatal death | 0.00% (0/71) | 0.93% (53/5714) | 0.74% (116/15591) | 1.16% (18/1552) | NS |
  IUFD | 0.00% (0/71) | 0.30% (17/5714) | 0.37% (58/15591) | 0.45% (7/1552) | NS |
  Neonatal death | 0.00% (0/71) | 0.63% (36/5714) | 0.37% (58/15591) | 0.71% (11/1552) | 4,6 |