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Table 2 Labor, delivery, and neonatal characteristics and neonatal outcomes

From: Maternal age and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

 

< 17 years (71)

18–28 years (5714)

29–39 years (15591)

> 40 years (1552)

p

Labor and delivery

 Abnormal fetal presentation

4.23% (3/71)

4.34% (248/5713)

5.33% (831/15590)

6.12% (95/1552)

4,5

 Mode of labor

 Spontaneous

71.21% (47/66)

68.10% (3399/4991)

63.22% (8478/13411)

52.95% (726/1371)

3,4,5,6

 Induced/augmented

19.70% (13/66)

22.30% (1113/4991)

21.19% (2842/13411)

19.69% (270/1371)

5

 Without labor

9.09% (6/66)

9.60% (479/4991)

15.59% (2091/13411)

27.35% (375/1371)

3,4,5,6

 Childbirth mode

 Operative vaginal delivery

5.63% (4/71)

8.58% (490/5714)

7.25% (1130/15591)

5.73% (89/1552)

4,5,6

 Spontaneous delivery

77.46% (55/71)

67.12% (3835/5714)

60.77% (9474/15591)

48.84% (758/1552)

2,3,4,5,6

 Caesarean section

16.90% (12/71)

24.31% (1389/5714)

31.99% (4987/15591)

45.43% (705/1552)

2,3,4,5,6

 Caesarean section in labour

8.33% (5/60)

14.30% (645/4512)

16.72% (1893/11320)

22.09% (220/996)

3,4,5,6

Neonatal charateristics and outcomes

 RDS prophylaxis

  Not performed

97.18% (69/71)

96.04% (5488/5714)

96.34% (15020/15591)

94.33% (1464/1552)

5,6

  Uncompleted

2.82% (2/71)

0.88% (50/5714)

0.66% (103/15591)

0.84% (13/1552)

2

  Completed

0.00% (0/71)

3.08% (176/5714)

3.00% (468/15591)

4.83% (75/1552)

5,6

 Neonatal male sex

49.30% (35/71)

51.40% (2937/5714)

50.86% (7930/15591)

51.29% (796/1552)

NS

 1st minute Apgar score

8.00 (8.00–9.00)

8.00 (8.00–9.00)

8.00 (8.00–9.00)

8.00 (8.00–9.00)

NS

 5th minute Apgar score

9.00 (9.00–9.00)

9.00 (9.00–9.00)

9.00 (9.00–9.00)

9.00 (9.00–9.00)

NS

 Neonatal congenital malformation

4.23% (3/71)

1.38% (79/5714)

1.50% (234/15591)

2.06% (32/1552)

1

 RDS

7.04% (5/71)

5.71% (326/5714)

5.71% (890/15591)

7.80% (121/1552)

5,6

 Retinopathy of prematurity

1.41% (1/71)

0.82% (47/5714)

0.90% (140/15591)

1.10% (17/1552)

NS

 3rd 4th degree IVH

1.41% (1/71)

0.26% (15/5714)

0.19% (29/15591)

0.52% (8/1552)

2,6

 Periventricular leucomalacia

0.00% (0/71)

0.16% (9/5714)

0.08% (12/15591)

0.32% (5/1552)

6

 NR

5.63% (4/71)

3.45% (197/5714)

3.30% (515/15588)

4.38% (68/1552)

6

 NICU hospitalization

0.00% (0/71)

0.02% (1/5711)

0.03% (5/15582)

0.00% (0/1551)

NS

 Perinatal death

0.00% (0/71)

0.93% (53/5714)

0.74% (116/15591)

1.16% (18/1552)

NS

  IUFD

0.00% (0/71)

0.30% (17/5714)

0.37% (58/15591)

0.45% (7/1552)

NS

  Neonatal death

0.00% (0/71)

0.63% (36/5714)

0.37% (58/15591)

0.71% (11/1552)

4,6

  1. Acronyms: RDS Respiratory distress syndrome, IVH Intraventricular hemorrhage, NR Neonatal resuscitation, NICU Neonatal intensive care unit, IUFD Intrauterine fetal demise. Different numbers indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05): (1) < 17 years vs 18–28 years; (2) < 17 years vs 29–39 years; (3) < 17 years vs > 40 years; (4) 18–28 years vs 29–39 years; (5) 18–28 years vs > 40 years; (6) 29–39 years vs > 40 years. NS= no significant difference