Table 1 Socio-demographic, Obstetric and clinical characteristics of study participants and association with maternal anemia
Characteristics | Number of women n (%) | Maternal anemia | OR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR(95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n (%) | No n (%) | ||||||
Age groups | |||||||
 18–24 | 278 (44.1) | 113 (44.1) | 165 (44.0) | 1.2 (0.68–2.10) | 0.54 |  |  |
 25–29 | 177 (28.1) | 70 (27.3) | 107 (28.5) | 1.3 (0.69–2.26) | 0.46 |  |  |
 30–34 | 116 (18.4) | 46 (18.0) | 70 (18.7) | 1.2 (0.66–2.34) | 0.50 |  |  |
 > 34 | 60 (9.5) | 27 (10.5) | 33 (8.8) | 1 |  |  |  |
Marital status | |||||||
 Married | 474 (75.1) | 66 (25.8) | 91 (24.3) | 0.9 (0.64–1.33) | 0.67 |  |  |
 Unmarried | 157 (24.9 | 190 (74.2) | 284 (75.7) | 1 |  |  |  |
Education level | |||||||
 No formal education | 25 (4.0) | 13 (5.1) | 12 (3.2) | 0.5 (0.16–1.82) | 0.32 |  |  |
 Primary education | 366 (58.0) | 149 (58.2) | 217 (57.9) | 0.9 (0.33–2.21) | 0.74 |  |  |
 Secondary education | 221 (35.0) | 87 (34.0) | 134 (35.7) | 0.9 (0.34–2.37) | 0.83 |  |  |
 Tertiary education | 19 (3.0) | 7 (2.7) | 12 (3.2) | 1 |  |  |  |
Attendance to ANC | |||||||
 < 4 | 221 (35.0) | 93 (36.3) | 128 (34.1) | 0.9 (0.65–1.27) | 0.57 |  |  |
 ≥ 4 | 410 (65.0) | 163 (63.7) | 247 (65.9) | 1 |  |  |  |
FEFO use | |||||||
 Yes | 613 (97.1) | 6 (2.3) | 12 (3.2) | 1.4 (0.51–3.72) | 0.53 |  |  |
 No | 18 (2.9) | 250 (97.7) | 363 (96.8) | 1 |  |  |  |
Mebendazole use | |||||||
 Yes | 596 (94.5) | 20 (7.8) | 15 (4.0) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 35 (5.5) | 236 (92.2) | 360 (96.0) | 2.0 (1.02–4.05) | 0.04 | 1.9 (0.95–3.90) | 0.07 |
Gravidity | |||||||
 Primigravida | 243 (38.5) | 99 (38.7) | 144 (38.4) | 1.2 (0.81–1.70) | 0.40 | 1.22 (0.84–1.78) | 0.30 |
 Secundigravida | 173 (27.4) | 61 (23.8) | 112 (29.9) | 1.5 (0.98–2.24) | 0.06 | 1.51 (0.997–2.30) | 0.052 |
 Multigravida | 215 (34.1) | 96 (37.5) | 119 (31.7) | 1 |  |  |  |
Gestation age (weeks) | |||||||
 ≤ 36 | 58 (9.2) | 25 (9.8) | 33 (8.8) | 1.1 (0.65–1.94) | 0.68 |  |  |
 ≥ 37 | 573 (90.8) | 231 (90.2) | 342 (91.2) | 1 |  |  |  |
Number of IPTp-SP doses | |||||||
 0 | 14 (2.2) | 8 (3.1) | 6 (1.6) | 0.5 (0.16–1.36) | 0.16 | 1.17 (0.36–3.77) | 0.80 |
 1 | 70 (11.1) | 35 (13.7) | 35 (9.3) | 0.6 (0.37–1.03) | 0.06 | 1.72 (0.56–5.24) | 0.34 |
 2 | 169 (26.8) | 69 (27.0) | 100 (26.7) | 0.9 (0.62–1.29) | 0.54 | 1.99 (0.67–5.94) | 0.22 |
 ≥ 3 | 378 (59.9) | 144 (56.2) | 234 (62.4) | 1 |  |  |  |
Malaria by mRDT | |||||||
 Positive | 4 (0.6) | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.46–42.87) | 0.198 | 3.6 (0.344–37.70) | 0.29 |
 Negative | 627 (99.4) | 253 (98.8) | 374 (99.7) | 1 |  |  |  |
ITN use | |||||||
 Yes | 619 (98.1) | 251 (98.0) | 368 (98.1) | 1.05 (0.33–3.34) | 0.938 |  |  |
 No | 12 (1.9) | 5 (2.0) | 7 (1.9) | 1 |  |  |  |
IRS use | |||||||
 Yes | 394 (37.6) | 159 (62.1) | 235 (62.7) | 1.01 (0.74–1.42) | 0.89 |  |  |
 No | 237 (62.4) | 97 (37.9) | 140 (37.3) | 1 |  |  | |