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Table 2 Depressive symptoms and adverse outcomes of participants and their newborns

From: Diabetes distress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study

 

Total (n = 100) mean ± SD or n (%)

Low diabetes distress (n = 64) mean ± SD or n (%)

High diabetes distress (n = 36) mean ± SD or n (%)

p-value

Elevated depressive symptoms antepartum (PHQ9 ≥ 12)

10 (10.0%)

2 (0.03%)

8 (22.2%)**

<0.001

Elevated depressive symptoms postpartum (PHQ9 ≥ 12)

12 (12.0%)

3 (0.05%)

9 (25.0%)

<0.001

Birth weight in grams

3273 ± 659

3390 ± 508

3065 ± 832

0.02

Hospitalization neonatology

19 (19.0%)

11 (17.2%)

8 (22.2%)

0.54

Macrosomia

9 (9.0%)

7 (10.9%)

2 (5.6%)

0.37

Jaundice

8 (8.0%)

3 (4.7%)

5 (13.9%)

0.11

Hypoglycemia

6 (6.0%)

3 (4.7%)

3 (8.3%)

0.47

Shoulder dystocia

2 (2.0%)

2 (3.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.29

Other*

16 (16.0%)

10 (15.6%)

6 (16.7%)

0.37

Caesarean section

28 (28.0%)

16 (25.0%)

12 (33.3%)

0.38

Hypertension

10 (10.0%)

5 (7.8%)

5 (13.9%)

0.37

Pre-eclampsia

1 (1.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (2.8%)

0.18

Perineal tearing

23 (23.0%)

16 (25.0%)

7 (19.4%)

0.53

Episiotomy

9 (9.0%)

3 (4.7%)

6 (16.7%)

<0.05

Postpartum hemorrhage

2 (2.0%)

1 (0.02%)

1 (0.03%)

0.68

Adverse pregnancy outcomes

 Yes

71 (71.0%)

40 (62.5%)

31 (86.1%)

<0.01

 No

29 (29.0%)

24 (37.5%)

5 (13.9%)

  1. *among which low heart rate, fever, hypoxia