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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

From: Diabetes distress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study

 

Total (n = 100) mean ± SD or n (%)

Low diabetes distress (n = 64) mean ± SD or n (%)

High diabetes distress (n = 36) mean ± SD or n (%)

p-value

Characteristics

 Age (years)

32.5 ± 4.1

32.3 ± 4.0

32.9 ± 4.9

0.46

 BMI

26.7 ± 4.8

26.3 ± 3.8

27.4 ± 6.2

0.83

 HbA1c

33.1 ± 4.3

32.4 ± 3.5

34.5 ± 5.2

0.82

 Baseline pregnancy duration in weeks

27.8 ± 3.8

27.4 ± 0.5

28.4 ± 0.5

0.21

Parity

 0

39 (39.0%)

23 (35.9%)

16 (44.4%)

0.41

 1 or more

61 (61.0%)

41 (64.1%)

20 (55.6%)

History of psychological distress

 Yes

46 (46.0%)

24 (37.5%)

22 (61.1%)

0.02

 No

54 (54.0%)

40 (62.5%)

14 (38.9%)

≥ 1 concomitant chronic disease

 Yes

36 (36.0%)

22 (34.4%)

14 (38.9%)

0.67

 No

64 (64.0%)

42 (65.6%)

22 (61.1%)

Insulin use

 Yes

24 (24.0%)

13 (20.3%)

11 (30.6%)

0.25

 No

76 (76.0%)

51 (79.7%)

25 (69.4%)

SESa

 Low

43 (43.0%)

29 (45.3%)

14 (38.9%)

0.54

 High

57 (57.0%)

35 (54.7%)

22 (61.1%)

Ethnicity

 Native Dutch

29 (29.0%)

21 (32.8%)

8 (22.2%)

0.36

 Moroccan

37 (37.0%)

24 (37.5%)

13 (36.1%)

 Turkish

16 (16.0%)

7 (10.9%)

9 (25.0%)

 Surinamese

7 (7.0%)

4 (6.3%)

3 (8.3%)

 Other

11 (11.0%)

8 (12.5%)

3 (8.3%)

  1. asocioeconomic status