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Table 3 Odds ratios of obstetric interventions, adjusted for a pre-existing health condition, maternal age, previous pregnancy complications, complications arising during the current pregnancy, area-based socioeconomic deprivation, distance from the birthing facility, smoking and BMI at birth for mothers in Queensland

From: Evidence of overuse? Patterns of obstetric interventions during labour and birth among Australian mothers

 

Cesarean section

Instrumental vaginal birth

Vaginal (non-instrumental) birth

Induction of labour

Episiotomy

Epidural

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

Indigenous

0.94

0.90–0.99

0.70

0.65–0.77

1.14

1.09–1.19

0.86

0.82–0.90

 

0.65–0.80

0.74

0.69–0.79

Inner Regional

0.96

0.93–0.99

0.92

0.88–0.97

1.06

1.03–1.09

1.10

1.10–1.13

0.89

0.84–0.95

0.98

0.94–1.02

Outer Regional

1.03

1.00–1.06

0.87

0.83–0.91

1.01

0.9–1.0.4

1.10

1.07–1.14

0.94

0.89–1.00

0.79

0.76–0.82

Remote

1.10

1.05–1.15

0.77

0.72–0.83

1.00

0.96–1.04

1.05

1.00–1.10

0.88

0.80–0.95

0.57

0.54–0.61

Very remote

1.00

0.95–1.10

0.85

0.77–0.94

1.05

0.99–1.11

1.20

1.17–1.32

0.85

0.76–0.96

0.605

0.55–0.66

IRSD 2

0.93

0.89–0.97

0.80

0.75–0.86

1.15

1.10–1.20

0.79

0.75–0.83

0.63

0.58–0.69

0.72

0.68–0.77

IRSD 3

0.95

0.92–0.98

0.85

0.81–0.89

1.11

1.08–1.14

0.91

0.88–0.94

0.70

0.66–0.74

0.90

0.86–0.94

IRSD 4

0.99

0.96–1.03

0.90

0.85–0.94

1.04

1.01–1.08

0.84

0.81–0.87

0.80

0.75–0.85

0.96

0.92–1.00

IRSD 5

0.88

0.85–0.90

0.93

0.89–0.97

1.15

1.12–1.19

0.95

0.81–0.87

0.72

0.75–0.85

1.01

0.97–1.10