From: Differential rates of cesarean delivery by maternal geographical origin: a cohort study in France
Characteristic | Fr Group (n = 2206) | SSA Group (n = 1500) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Age (years) | |||||
< 25 | 195 | (8.8) | 223 | (14.9) | < 0.01 |
25–29 | 611 | (27.7) | 458 | (30.5) | |
30–34 | 891 | (40.4) | 455 | (30.3) | |
≥ 35 | 509 | (23.1) | 364 | (24.3) | |
Education | |||||
≤ Primary school | 5 | (0.2) | 329 | (22.3) | < 0.01 |
Middle school | 236 | (10.7) | 355 | (24.0) | |
High school | 280 | (12.7) | 384 | (26.0) | |
University | 1682 | (76.4) | 410 | (27.7) | |
Social deprivationa | |||||
none | 1978 | (89.7) | 589 | (39.3) | < 0.01 |
1 criterion | 137 | (6.2) | 358 | (23.9) | |
2 criteria | 65 | (2.9) | 224 | (15.0) | |
3 or 4 criteria | 26 | (1.2) | 326 | (21.8) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
< 24.9 | 1697 | (78.2) | 649 | (49.2) | < 0.01 |
25–29.9 | 286 | (13.2) | 396 | (30.0) | |
≥30 | 187 | (8.6) | 275 | (20.8) | |
Parity | |||||
0 | 1239 | (56.2) | 412 | (27.5) | < 0.01 |
1 | 680 | (30.8) | 418 | (27.9) | |
≥2 | 286 | (13.0) | 669 | (44.6) | |
High medical risk level at the beginning of pregnancyb | 384 | (17.5) | 399 | (26.7) | < 0.01 |
Previous uterine scarc | |||||
0 | 2029 | (92.0) | 1159 | (77.4) | < 0.01 |
1 | 147 | (6.7) | 230 | (15.4) | |
≥2 | 29 | (1.3) | 109 | (7.3) | |
Multiple pregnancy | 77 | (3.5) | 60 | (4.0) | 0.42 |
Adequacy of prenatal care utilizationd | |||||
Inadequate | 454 | (21.4) | 669 | (46.5) | < 0.01 |
Intermediate | 306 | (14.4) | 226 | (15.7) | |
Adequate | 501 | (23.6) | 243 | (16.9) | |
Adequate plus | 865 | (40.7) | 300 | (20.9) | |
Preterm delivery | 207 | (9.4) | 150 | (10.0) | 0.52 |
Estimation of fetal weighte | |||||
Small for gestational age | 84 | (4.0) | 90 | (6.4) | < 0.01 |
Normal | 1988 | (94.9) | 1289 | (91.5) | |
Large for gestational age | 23 | (1.1) | 29 | (2.1) | |
Complications of pregnancyf | 241 | (10.9) | 213 | (14.2) | < 0.01 |
Fetal presentationg | |||||
Cephalic | 2083 | (94.7) | 1424 | (95.3) | < 0.01 |
Breech | 113 | (5.1) | 59 | (3.9) | |
Transverse | 3 | (0.1) | 12 | (0.8) | |
Onset of labor | |||||
Spontaneous | 1498 | (67.9) | 875 | (58.3) | < 0.01 |
Induction | 569 | (25.8) | 401 | (26.7) | |
Cesarean delivery before labor | 139 | (6.3) | 224 | (14.9) | |
Mode of delivery | |||||
Cesarean delivery | 370 | (16.8) | 458 | (30.5) | < 0.01 |