Year | Paper | Parameters assessed | Findings |
---|---|---|---|
2003 | Grimm et al. | P wave, PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval | P and QRS detected in 100%. T waves detected in 95% of fetuses. P wave and QRS complex length demonstrated significant correlation with GA in AGA fetuses (r = 0.222/0.318, p < 0.05). No correlation was seen in IUGR group. QRS duration was longer in IUGR group vs control group (p = 0.009) |
2003 | Anastasiadis et al. | HRV measured through: LF and HF | LF and HF components were significantly lower in IUGR group (p < 0.001). Increased LF tone in IUGR fetuses indication of increased sympathetic tone. HF tone was increased in IUGR as well |
2006 | Schneider et al. | HRV measured through: SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, TP, complexity of AIF decay | SDNN, RMSSD, LF,HF and TP were significantly lower in IUGR group (p < 0.05) No significant difference in LF/HF ratio and AIF decay. |
2006 | Van Leeuwen et al. | P wave, PQ segment, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, PR interval and Qt interval | 100% of CTIs acquired. IUGR foetuses had shorter depolarization times (P wave, PR interval, QRS complex) and longer ventricular repolarization times (QT interval) then controls. Depolarization times had a positive correlation with fetal weight in the IUGR group [Pwave (r = 0.64), QRS (r = 0.47), p < 0.05] |
2011 | Fukushima et al. | HRV measured through PSA: CVRR, LF/HF ratio | CVRR in controls showed a weak positive correlation with GA (r = 0.32) while IUGR fetuses showed no such trend (r = 0.05). LF/HF ratio showed a moderate positive correlation with GA for controls (r = 0.49) but a weak correlation with IUGR (r = 0.23) No statistically significant changes in LF/HF ratio between normal pregnancy and IUGR groups |
2013 | Sriram et al. | HRV measured through: PPA,SDNN,RMSSD | IUGR group had lower HRV vs low risk group Using PPA – Both HRV in state A and B were lower (36 and 49% lower, p < 0.005) Using SDNN- Both HRV in State A and B were lower (19 and 49%, p < 0.005) RMSSD -not statistically significant |
2016 | Bolin et al. | P wave, PR interval, QRS complex and RR interval | Mean P and PR interval were significantly lower in IUGR group then normal pregnancies (p < 0.05) when normalised to 35 weeks of gestation |