Perinatal depressive symptoms among low-income South African women at risk of depression: trajectories and predictors

Table 3 Unadjusted logistic regression, with antenatal only class as reference

	Antenatal & Postnatal (n = 33)
Variable	OR	95% CI	p value
Baseline demographic characteristics
Age	1.05	0.99–1.12	0.112
Education level
Grade 0–11	ref	–
Grade 12 or more	0.69	0.32–1.46	0.327
Marital status
Lives with partner	ref
Doesn’t live with partner	1.03	0.48–2.19	0.947
Baseline economic measures
Employment
Employed	ref
Unemployed/studying	0.90	0.44–1.84	0.773
Socio-economic status
Lower wealth	ref
Higher wealth	0.74	0.36–1.52	0.415
Food status
Not severely food insecure	ref
Severely food insecure	2.50	1.21–5.15	0.013
Baseline social characteristics
Intimate partner violence (IPV)^a	2.84	1.23–6.52	0.014
Overall social support	0.97	0.95–0.99	0.011
Social support from family	0.91	0.86–0.96	0.001
Social support from friends	0.98	0.93–1.04	0.498
Social support from significant other	0.94	0.88–1.00	0.046
Baseline health characteristics
Functioning (WHODAS)	1.03	1.02–1.06	0.002
Functioning (FAI score)	5.74	2.82–11.70	< 0.001
Heavy drinking^b	2.12	1.03–4.37	0.042
HIV positive status^c	1.52	0.71–3.25	0.278
Current diagnosis of depression (MINI)^d	2.77	1.32–5.80	0.007
Lifetime diagnosis of depression (MINI)^d	2.85	1.38–5.87	0.004
High suicide risk (MINI)^d	2.58	1.19–5.61	0.017

^areference is no IPV; ^breference is no heavy drinking; ^creference is HIV negative status; ^dreference is absence of diagnosis/risk; OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval

ISSN: 1471-2393