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Table 2 Summary of meta-analyses

From: Maternity service organisational interventions that aim to reduce caesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Outcomes

K

N

Effect estimate

Heterogeneity

RR

95% CI

Z (p)

χ2

p

I 2

Tau2

Midwife-Led Care vs. Comparator

Overall Caesarean Section

6

7784

0.83

0.73 to 0.96

2.63 (0.008)

8.32

0.14

40%

0.01

Planned Caesarean Section

4

5937

0.75

0.61 to 0.93

2.66 (0.008)

1.19

0.76

0%

0.00

Unplanned Caesarean Section

4

5937

0.87

0.73 to 1.03

1.65 (0.10)

4.55

0.21

34%

0.01

Induction of Labour

5

5498

0.91

0.79 to 1.04

1.43 (0.15)

6.06

0.19

34%

0.01

Epidural

6

7601

0.89

0.79 to 1.00

1.96 (0.05)

10.82

0.06

54%

0.01

Labour Augmentation

5

5498

0.97

0.73 to 1.29

0.23 (0.81)

48.99

< 0.00001

92%

0.09

Instrumental Vaginal Delivery

4

6776

0.96

0.86 to 1.07

0.78 (0.44)

1.82

0.61

0%

0.00

Episiotomy

6

6816

0.84

0.74 to 0.95

2.87 (0.004)

6.19

0.29

19%

0.00

Admission during Pregnancy

4

5304

0.94

0.80 to 1.11

0.77 (0.44)

7.06

0.07

58%

0.02

Apgar scores (< 7 at 5 min)

3

4711

0.94

0.66 to 1.33

0.37 (0.71)

0.88

0.64

0%

0.00

Admission to SCU/NICU

5

6599

0.80

0.62 to 1.04

1.66 (0.10)

8.54

0.07

53%

0.04

Continuous Midwifery Care vs. Comparator

Overall Caesarean Section

3

7428

0.85

0.59 to 1.23

0.88 (0.38)

4.27

0.12

53%

0.06

  1. Abbreviations: K number of studies, N number of participants, RR Risk Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, Z test for overall effect